Ojha Suvash Chandra, Jaide Chayannan, Jinawath Natini, Rotjanapan Porpon, Baral Pankaj
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014 Jan 15;8(1):5-16. doi: 10.3855/jidc.3183.
The worldwide prevalence of geohelminths and their unique place in evolutionary biology have attracted research focus. These major soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes that cause human diseases are the nematode roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), the whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and the two hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), often collectively referred as geohelminths. Studies of geohelminthiasis in poorly nourished children in developing regions report that geohelminths contribute to stunted growth and cognitive impairment. Insights into immunology have shed light on the modulatory role of the parasite on the host immune system and have defined the role of T cells in controlling geohelminthic infection. Recent molecular biological techniques have created an opportunity to analyse the interaction between parasites and their hosts at the molecular level. This paper is a review of the recent literature that examined the prevalence of geohelminthiasis in developing countries, the association between geohelminths in relation to public health, parasitological/diagnostic features, and therapeutic and preventive aspects of these major soil-transmitted helminth (STH) pathogens in humans.
土源性蠕虫在全球的流行情况及其在进化生物学中的独特地位已引起了研究关注。这些引起人类疾病的主要土壤传播肠道线虫是线虫蛔虫（蛔虫）、鞭虫（鞭虫）和两种钩虫（十二指肠钩虫和美洲板口线虫），通常统称为土源性蠕虫。对发展中地区营养不良儿童的土源性蠕虫病研究报告称，土源性蠕虫会导致生长发育迟缓以及认知障碍。免疫学方面的见解揭示了寄生虫对宿主免疫系统的调节作用，并明确了T细胞在控制土源性蠕虫感染中的作用。最近的分子生物学技术为在分子水平上分析寄生虫与其宿主之间的相互作用创造了机会。本文是对近期文献的综述，这些文献研究了发展中国家土源性蠕虫病的流行情况、土源性蠕虫与公共卫生的关系、寄生虫学/诊断特征以及这些主要土壤传播的人体蠕虫病原体的治疗和预防方面。
