Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, (Qc) J1K 2R1, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Mar 15;475:16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.104. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
Removal of pharmaceuticals (PhCs) by photocatalysis is a promising avenue in water treatment. The efficiency of these treatments on PhC derivatives compared to their parent molecules remains poorly documented. The present study investigates the efficiency of photodegradation catalyzed by TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and three of its derivatives; carbamazepine epoxide (CBZ-E), acridine (AI), and acridone (AO). The effects of environmental parameters such as pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter content on photodegradation efficiency (transformation after 6h and kinetics) were tested. We report that the efficiency of the catalysts (TiO2 and ZnO) can be very different when comparing CBZ and its derivatives (CBZ-E, AI and AO). TiO₂ was more efficient than ZnO at degrading CBZ and CBZ-E. For AI and AO, no significant differences were observed between the two catalysts. We also report that environmental parameters have contrasting effects on the efficiency of the photodegradation of CBZ compared to its derivatives. Changing pH and organic matter content had the most contrasted effects; the photodegradation of CBZ and CBZ-E was significantly affected by pH (especially in presence of TiO₂ NPs) and by the presence of natural organic matter. In contrast, the photodegradation of AI and AO was not affected by pH and organic matter. Only the photodegradation of CBZ was clearly affected by IS and solely at very high IS (1M). Overall, our results highlight that TiO₂ and ZnO catalysts present contrasted efficiency on the removal of CBZ when compared to its derivatives (CBZ-E, AI and AO). Our results also show that the effect of environmental parameters on the efficiency of the photodegradation of CBZ derivatives cannot be predicted based on the behavior of the parent molecule (CBZ).
光催化去除药物（PhCs）是水处理中一种很有前途的方法。然而，与母体分子相比，这些处理方法对 PhC 衍生物的效果仍缺乏记录。本研究调查了 TiO₂和 ZnO 纳米粒子光催化降解对卡马西平（CBZ）及其三种衍生物（卡马西平环氧化物（CBZ-E）、吖啶（AI）和吖啶酮（AO））去除的效率。测试了环境参数（pH、离子强度和天然有机物含量）对光降解效率（6h 后的转化和动力学）的影响。我们报告说，当比较 CBZ 及其衍生物（CBZ-E、AI 和 AO）时，催化剂（TiO₂和 ZnO）的效率可能有很大的不同。TiO₂比 ZnO 更有效地降解 CBZ 和 CBZ-E。对于 AI 和 AO，两种催化剂之间没有观察到明显的差异。我们还报告说，环境参数对 CBZ 光降解效率的影响与对其衍生物的影响截然不同。改变 pH 和有机物含量的影响最大；pH（特别是在 TiO₂ NPs 存在下）和天然有机物的存在显著影响 CBZ 和 CBZ-E 的光降解。相比之下，pH 和有机物对 AI 和 AO 的光降解没有影响。只有 CBZ 的光降解受到 IS 的明显影响，并且仅在非常高的 IS（1M）下受到影响。总的来说，我们的结果强调了 TiO₂和 ZnO 催化剂在去除 CBZ 及其衍生物（CBZ-E、AI 和 AO）方面表现出不同的效率。我们的结果还表明，不能根据母体分子（CBZ）的行为来预测环境参数对 CBZ 衍生物光降解效率的影响。
