Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Dec 15;263 Pt 1:177-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.068. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
This study examines the degradation of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ) by sonolysis, TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalysis under UV-A and simulated solar irradiation, and by the combined use of UV-A and ultrasound irradiation (i.e. sonophotocatalysis) in demineralized water, ground water and effluent wastewater. The processes were compared with respect to substrate conversion rate and the extent of DOC reduction as a measure of mineralization. CBZ was degraded following a pseudo-first order kinetics. Sonophotocatalysis provided the highest rate of CBZ transformation over the time-course of the experiment while the degree of DOC removal in pure water was similar for all the studied treatments (around 40%), and always lower than CBZ conversion. This indicated that a considerable organic load remained in the treated solutions that could also be attributed to the presence of persistent oxidation products. UPLC-(+ESI)-QToF-MS was employed to determine major CBZ-related transformation products. Several recalcitrant hydroxy- and keto-derivatives of CBZ were tentatively identified. A Daphnia magna bioassay was used to evaluate the potential toxicity of the samples collected at different time points showing that the mixtures were highly toxic to D. magna.
本研究考察了卡马西平（CBZ）在去离子水、地下水和废水处理中的超声降解、TiO2 多相光催化（UV-A 和模拟太阳光照射下）和 UV-A 与超声联合照射（即声光催化）下的降解情况。就底物转化率和 DOC 减少程度（作为矿化程度的衡量标准）对这些过程进行了比较。CBZ 的降解遵循伪一级动力学。在整个实验过程中，声光催化法提供了最高的 CBZ 转化速率，而在纯水中，所有研究处理方法的 DOC 去除率相似（约 40%），且始终低于 CBZ 的转化率。这表明处理后的溶液中仍存在相当大的有机负荷，这也可能归因于持久性氧化产物的存在。采用 UPLC-（+ESI）-QToF-MS 确定了主要的 CBZ 相关转化产物。初步鉴定了几种难降解的 CBZ 羟基和酮基衍生物。利用大型溞（Daphnia magna）生物测定法评估不同时间点采集的样品的潜在毒性，结果表明这些混合物对大型溞具有很高的毒性。
