Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, Lipman Hall, 08903, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Photosynth Res. 1988 Jan;19(1-2):153-84. doi: 10.1007/BF00114573.
Most proteins located in chloroplasts are encoded by nuclear genes, synthesized in the cytoplasm, and transported into the organelle. The study of protein uptake by chloroplasts has greatly expanded over the past few years. The increased activity in this field is due, in part, to the application of recombinant DNA methodology to the analysis of protein translocation. Added interest has also been gained by the realization that the transport mechanisms that mediate protein uptake by chloroplasts, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum display certain characteristics in common. These include amino terminal sequences that target proteins to particular organelles, a transport process that is mechanistically independent from the events of translation, and an ATP-requiring transport step that is thought to involve partial unfolding of the protein to be translocated. In this review we examine recent studies on the binding of precursors to the chloroplast surface, the energy-dependent uptake of proteins into the stroma, and the targeting of proteins to the thylakoid lumen. These aspects of protein transport into chloroplasts are discussed in the context of recent studies on protein uptake by mitochondria.
大多数位于叶绿体中的蛋白质由核基因编码，在细胞质中合成，并被运输到细胞器中。近年来，对叶绿体摄取蛋白质的研究有了很大的扩展。该领域活动的增加部分归因于将重组 DNA 方法应用于蛋白质易位分析。另外，人们还意识到，介导叶绿体、线粒体和内质网摄取蛋白质的运输机制具有某些共同特征，这也引起了人们的兴趣。这些特征包括将蛋白质靶向特定细胞器的氨基末端序列、与翻译事件机械上无关的运输过程以及需要 ATP 的运输步骤，该步骤被认为涉及到被转运蛋白的部分展开。在这篇综述中，我们检查了关于前体与叶绿体表面结合、蛋白质在基质中能量依赖性摄取以及蛋白质靶向类囊体腔的最新研究。这些关于蛋白质向叶绿体转运的方面是在最近关于线粒体摄取蛋白质的研究背景下讨论的。
