Cardona-Castro Nora
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Cra 43 A # 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia.
Lepr Rev. 2013 Sep;84(3):238-47.
Leprosy in Colombia is not considering as a public health problem since a prevalence rate less than 1/10000 was achieved more than ten years ago. Nevertheless, reports of 2012 from 11 of 27 departments (48%) showed incidence rates from 0.12 to 4.73 cases per 100000 inhabitants. The Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Health direct and organize the National Leprosy Program (NLP), which plan the activities for prevention, surveillance, and control at national level. The operational activities are delegated to the regional levels (municipalities, districts, departments) however in many areas poor hospital infrastructure, high costs, lack of health personnel trained, difficult access to the health services are some of the barriers that impede the development and access to the activities that the NLP publishes in guides. The above mentioned facts have as consequence late case detection with 30% of disability rates (grade 1 and 2) at the time of diagnosis. Also, there is not awareness in general population neither in health professionals about the existence of leprosy cases in Colombia. This is a review of the situation of leprosy in Colombia, taking into account not only statistical data, but also some aspects that influence late diagnosis and disability found in patients at the time of diagnosis. In this review may appear author's personal perceptions that may differ from others.
由于十多年前麻风病患病率就已降至每万人不到1例,哥伦比亚不再将麻风病视为公共卫生问题。然而,2012年来自27个省中11个省(48%)的报告显示,发病率为每10万居民中有0.12至4.73例。卫生部和国家卫生研究院指导并组织国家麻风病防治计划(NLP),该计划规划全国范围内的预防、监测和控制活动。业务活动下放至地区层面(市、区、省),然而在许多地区,医院基础设施差、成本高、缺乏专业医护人员、难以获得医疗服务等,都是阻碍NLP在指南中发布的活动开展及实施的一些障碍。上述情况导致病例发现延迟,诊断时残疾率达30%(1级和2级)。此外,哥伦比亚普通民众和卫生专业人员对本国存在麻风病病例均缺乏认知。本文回顾了哥伦比亚的麻风病情况,不仅考虑了统计数据,还涉及了一些影响诊断延迟及患者诊断时残疾情况的因素。在这篇综述中可能会出现作者与他人不同的个人观点。