Siberian Department of USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, USSR.
Theor Appl Genet. 1971 Jan;41(3):109-19. doi: 10.1007/BF00277752.
A cytological investigation of 15 different 56-chromosome Triticale and 16 Triticale with 42 chromosomes was carried out. 4 were primary Triticale and 12 were secondary Triticale. Chromosome pairing was not disturbed; 21 and 28 bivalents were found in the hexaploids and octoploids, respectively. Meiotic irregularities were established, however, in all the Triticale studied; in octoploids the frequency of the irregularities was 22-88% and in hexaploids it was 12-87%.In metaphase and anaphase asynchronous separation of chromosomes was noted. Incompatibility between wheat and rye genomes and the inactivation of single loci of rye chromosomes are suggested as the main causes of the irregularities in meiosis.Mitotic disturbances were found in all the amphidiploids. The frequency of anomalies in mitosis was considerably lower than in meiosis: in octoploids they made up 5%-11% and in hexaploids 6.2%-15.2%. In all the amphidiploids studied chimera plants were found containing pollen mother cells with different chromosome numbers. The chromosome number in the aneuploid cells varied from 8-48 in hexaploids and from 8-62 in octoploids. Octoploid Triticale had 29.4%-72.9% aneuploid pollen mother cells, while hexaploid Triticale had 5-2%-55-7%.
对 15 种不同的 56 条染色体黑小麦和 16 种 42 条染色体黑小麦进行了细胞学研究。其中 4 种是原始黑小麦，12 种是次生黑小麦。染色体配对没有受到干扰；在六倍体和八倍体中分别发现了 21 和 28 个二价体。然而，在所研究的所有黑小麦中都存在减数分裂不规则现象；在八倍体中，不规则的频率为 22-88%，在六倍体中为 12-87%。在中期和后期观察到染色体异步分离。小麦和黑麦基因组之间的不兼容性以及黑麦染色体单个基因座的失活被认为是减数分裂不规则的主要原因。所有双二倍体都发现有有丝分裂紊乱。有丝分裂异常的频率明显低于减数分裂：在八倍体中占 5%-11%，在六倍体中占 6.2%-15.2%。在所研究的所有双二倍体中都发现了含有不同染色体数目的花粉母细胞的嵌合体植物。在这些非整倍体细胞中，染色体数从六倍体的 8-48 到八倍体的 8-62 不等。八倍体黑小麦有 29.4%-72.9%的非整倍体花粉母细胞，而六倍体黑小麦有 5-2%-55-7%。
