Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Headache. 2014 May;54(5):872-7. doi: 10.1111/head.12288. Epub 2014 Jan 16.
While previous studies have investigated the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients with migraine, we aimed to explore the prevalence and characteristics of migraine in adult patients diagnosed with RLS.
The association of primary headaches, especially of migraine, with RLS has recently attracted much attention. Migraine prevalence was reported to be higher in patients with RLS than in the general population, and the role of dopamine was strengthened.
We evaluated 265 consecutive adult RLS patients (137 males and 128 females) followed up in a Sleep Disorders Unit and diagnosed according to criteria defined by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). RLS characteristics, and the severity, were performed by using the IRLSSG severity scale. The diagnosis of headache subtypes was defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Gender, age, age at RLS onset, duration of RLS, family history of RLS, family history of headache, presence of depression, any treatments given for RLS, and the change in headache following RLS treatment were questioned.
The mean age of the study population was 50.4 ± 12.8 years, mean age at RLS onset was 41.6 ± 13.2 years, and mean disease duration was 8.40 ± 8.6 years. Of these, 163 patients had headache; 40 of them were diagnosed to have migraine-type headache (15.1%). The presence of migraine-type headache was 9.4% in males with RLS, and 21.1% in female RLS patients. In RLS patients with migraine, 67.5% were females, while 48.0% of RLS patients with other types of headache were females (P = .032), and only 41.2% of RLS patients without headache were females (P = .005). The severity of RLS was significantly higher in patients with migraine compared with those without headache (P < .001). The presence of depression, the family history of RLS, and headache were also higher in patients with migraine compared with RLS patients with other types of headache or those without headache. Thirty-six patients with headache reported partial or substantial benefit from RLS treatment.
Our results did not suggest higher rates of migraine-type headache in RLS patients when compared with population-based prevalence studies from Turkey. Alternatively, the severity of RLS was significantly higher in patients with migraine. Although the increase in these scores does not constitute a relationship etiopathogenetic, it suggests a correlation between the type cross-model nociceptive systems. Moreover, the family history of RLS was higher in patients with migraine. The prevalence of migraine in patients with RLS, however, waits to be better demonstrated.
虽然之前的研究已经调查了不安腿综合征（RLS）患者中偏头痛的患病率，但我们旨在探讨成年 RLS 患者中偏头痛的患病率和特征。
原发性头痛，尤其是偏头痛与 RLS 的关联最近引起了广泛关注。RLS 患者中偏头痛的患病率高于普通人群，并且多巴胺的作用得到了加强。
我们评估了在睡眠障碍科就诊的 265 例连续成年 RLS 患者（男性 137 例，女性 128 例），并根据国际不安腿综合征研究组（IRLSSG）定义的标准进行了诊断。使用 IRLSSG 严重程度量表评估 RLS 的特征和严重程度。根据国际头痛疾病分类对头痛亚型的诊断进行了定义。询问了性别、年龄、RLS 发病年龄、RLS 病程、RLS 家族史、头痛家族史、抑郁存在情况、RLS 任何治疗方法以及 RLS 治疗后头痛变化情况。
研究人群的平均年龄为 50.4±12.8 岁，RLS 发病年龄的平均值为 41.6±13.2 岁，疾病病程的平均值为 8.40±8.6 年。其中，163 例患者有头痛；其中 40 例被诊断为偏头痛型头痛（15.1%）。RLS 男性中偏头痛型头痛的患病率为 9.4%，女性中偏头痛型头痛的患病率为 21.1%。在偏头痛的 RLS 患者中，67.5%为女性，而 RLS 其他类型头痛患者中为 48.0%（P=0.032），而无头痛的 RLS 患者中仅为 41.2%（P=0.005）。与无头痛的患者相比，偏头痛患者的 RLS 严重程度明显更高（P<0.001）。与 RLS 其他类型头痛患者或无头痛患者相比，偏头痛患者中抑郁、RLS 家族史和头痛的发生率也更高。有 36 例头痛患者报告 RLS 治疗后有部分或明显的获益。
我们的结果并未表明 RLS 患者偏头痛型头痛的发生率高于土耳其的基于人群的患病率研究。相反，偏头痛患者的 RLS 严重程度明显更高。尽管这些评分的增加并不构成病因发病学关系，但它表明了跨模型伤害性系统之间的相关性。此外，偏头痛患者的 RLS 家族史更高。然而，RLS 患者偏头痛的患病率仍有待进一步证实。
