Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California.
Am J Primatol. 2012 Aug;74(8):747-57. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22025.
Some breeding facilities in the United States have crossbred Chinese and Indian rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) founders either purposefully or inadvertently. Genetic variation that reflects geographic origins among research subjects has the potential to influence experimental outcomes. The use of animals from different geographic regions, their hybrids, and animals of varying degrees of kinship in an experiment can obscure treatment effects under study because high interanimal genetic variance can increase phenotypic variance among the research subjects. The intent of this study, based on a broad genomic analysis of 2,808 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is to ensure that only animals estimated to be of pure Indian or Chinese ancestry, based on both demographic and genetic information, are used as sources of infants for derivation and expansion of the California National Primate Research Center's (CNPRC) super-Specific Pathogen Free (SSPF) rhesus macaque colony. Studies of short tandem repeats (STRs) in Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques have reported that heterozygosity of STRs is higher in Chinese rhesus macaques than in Indian rhesus macaques. The present study shows that heterozygosity of SNPs is actually higher in Indian than in Chinese rhesus macaques and that the Chinese SSPF rhesus macaque colony is far less differentiated from their founders compared to the Indian-origin animals. The results also reveal no evidence of recent gene flow from long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques into the source populations of the SSPF rhesus macaques. This study indicates that many of the long-tailed macaques held in the CNPRC are closely related individuals. Most polymorphisms shared among the captive rhesus, long-tailed, and pig-tailed macaques likely predate the divergence among these groups.
一些美国的繁殖设施有意或无意地将中国和印度恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）的杂交种作为种源。研究对象的遗传变异反映了其地理起源，这有可能影响实验结果。在实验中使用来自不同地理区域的动物、它们的杂种以及亲缘关系不同的动物，可能会掩盖正在研究的处理效果，因为高个体间遗传方差会增加研究对象的表型方差。本研究的目的是基于对 2808 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的广泛基因组分析，确保仅使用根据人口统计学和遗传信息估计为纯印度或中国血统的动物作为婴儿来源，以衍生和扩展加利福尼亚国家灵长类动物研究中心（CNPRC）的超级无特定病原体（SSPF）恒河猴种群。对印度和中国恒河猴短串联重复序列（STR）的研究报告称，中国恒河猴的 STR 杂合度高于印度恒河猴。本研究表明，SNP 的杂合度实际上在印度恒河猴中更高，而且与印度来源的动物相比，中国 SSPF 恒河猴种群与其种源的分化程度要低得多。研究结果还表明，没有证据表明长尾猕猴和猪尾猕猴的基因近期从这些来源群体流入 SSPF 恒河猴种群。本研究表明，CNPRC 中饲养的许多长尾猕猴是近亲个体。在圈养恒河猴、长尾猕猴和猪尾猕猴中共享的大多数多态性很可能早于这些群体的分化。
