Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
The Institute of Ecological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
Aquat Toxicol. 2014 Jun;151:27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.019. Epub 2013 Dec 28.
The antidepressant fluoxetine is commonly found in aquatic fauna living near or downstream from point-sources of municipal waste effluent. Continuous release of fluoxetine results in increased effective exposure duration in surface waters, resulting in a chronic exposure for animals downstream, particularly in effluent dominated ecosystems. Fluoxetine is known to cause disruptions in reproductive behavior of freshwater mussels (order Unionoida), including stimulating release of gametes, parturition of glochidia (larvae), and changes in lure display and foot protrusion. However, the ecological relevance of these effects at environmental concentrations is unknown. We conducted a 67-d exposure of adult Lampsilis fasciola to fluoxetine concentrations of 0, 0.5, 2.5, and 22.3μg/L and assessed impacts on behavior (lateral movement, burrowing, and filtering) and metabolism (glycogen storage and respiration). Mussels treated with 2.5 and 22.3μg/L fluoxetine displayed mantle lures significantly (p<0.05) more than controls. Animals treated with 22.3μg/L fluoxetine were statistically more likely to have shorter time-to-movement, greater total movement, and initiate burrowing sooner than control animals. These observations suggest that increased activity of mussels exposed to fluoxetine may result in increased susceptibility to predators and may lead to a reduction in energy stores.
抗抑郁药氟西汀常见于生活在城市废水排放点附近或下游的水生动物中。氟西汀的持续释放导致地表水的有效暴露时间延长，从而使下游的动物受到慢性暴露，特别是在以废水为主的生态系统中。已知氟西汀会破坏淡水贻贝（贻贝目）的繁殖行为，包括刺激配子释放、钩介幼虫（幼虫）分娩以及诱饵展示和足部突出的变化。然而，在环境浓度下这些影响的生态相关性尚不清楚。我们对成年 Lampsilis fasciola 进行了 67 天的氟西汀暴露实验，浓度分别为 0、0.5、2.5 和 22.3μg/L，并评估了行为（侧向运动、挖掘和过滤）和代谢（糖原储存和呼吸）的影响。暴露于 2.5 和 22.3μg/L 氟西汀的贻贝明显（p<0.05）展示了更多的套膜诱饵。暴露于 22.3μg/L 氟西汀的动物比对照动物更有可能更快地移动、移动的总距离更长，并且更早地开始挖掘。这些观察结果表明，暴露于氟西汀的贻贝活动增加可能会增加它们被捕食的风险，并可能导致能量储存减少。
