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全身DNA损伤反应:生物体对基因组不稳定的适应性

Systemic DNA damage responses: organismal adaptations to genome instability.

作者信息

Ermolaeva Maria A, Schumacher Björn

机构信息

Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany.

Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.

出版信息

Trends Genet. 2014 Mar;30(3):95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.12.001. Epub 2014 Jan 15.

Abstract

DNA damage checkpoints are important tumor-suppressor mechanisms that halt cell cycle progression to allow time for DNA repair, or induce senescence and apoptosis to remove damaged cells permanently. Non-cell-autonomous DNA damage responses activate the innate immune system in multiple metazoan species. These responses not only enable clearance of damaged cells and contribute to tissue remodeling and regeneration but can also result in chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Germline DNA damage-induced systemic stress resistance (GDISR) is mediated by an ancestral innate immune response and results in organismal adjustments to the presence of damaged cells. We discuss GDISR as an organismal DNA damage checkpoint mechanism through which elevated somatic endurance can extend reproductive lifespan when germ cells require extended time for restoring genome stability.

摘要

DNA损伤检查点是重要的肿瘤抑制机制,它会使细胞周期进程暂停,以便有时间进行DNA修复,或者诱导细胞衰老和凋亡,从而永久性地清除受损细胞。非细胞自主性DNA损伤反应会激活多种后生动物物种的先天免疫系统。这些反应不仅能清除受损细胞,促进组织重塑和再生,还可能导致慢性炎症和组织损伤。生殖系DNA损伤诱导的全身应激抗性(GDISR)由一种古老的先天免疫反应介导,并导致生物体针对受损细胞的存在进行调整。我们将GDISR作为一种生物体DNA损伤检查点机制进行讨论,通过这种机制,当生殖细胞需要更长时间来恢复基因组稳定性时,体细胞耐力的提高可以延长生殖寿命。

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