Polge C
Ciba Found Symp. 1977(52):3-18. doi: 10.1002/9780470720332.ch2.
Since the Ciba Foundation Symposium in 1952 on Mammalian Germ Cells when Dr Audrey Smith reported that 'exposure to very low temperatures is not incompatible with further development of mammalian eggs', much progress has been made on the problem of freezing mammalian embryos. The significant steps leading to this progress are reviewed and an attempt is made to assess the extent of our current knowledge and to relate this to experience gained in other fields of low temperature biology. There is good evidence that certain basic principles concerning cooling and warming rates are applicable to the preservation of all mammalian embryos so far studied, but differences between species and between stages of development within species exist, particularly in their resistance to cooling in temperature ranges above 0 degrees C. Some of these differences are illustrated by reference to experiments with pig embryos. Clearly there are many problems remaining to be solved, but practical applications of techniques for long-term storage of mammalian embryos are already feasible and offer interesting possibilities for future development.
自1952年于赛诺菲基金会召开关于哺乳动物生殖细胞的研讨会以来，当时奥黛丽·史密斯博士报告称“暴露于极低温度下与哺乳动物卵子的进一步发育并不矛盾”，在冷冻哺乳动物胚胎的问题上已经取得了很大进展。本文回顾了促成这一进展的重要步骤，并试图评估我们目前的知识范围，并将其与低温生物学其他领域获得的经验联系起来。有充分证据表明，到目前为止，某些关于冷却和升温速率的基本原则适用于所有已研究的哺乳动物胚胎的保存，但物种之间以及物种内发育阶段之间存在差异，特别是在它们对0摄氏度以上温度范围冷却的耐受性方面。通过参考猪胚胎的实验来说明其中一些差异。显然，仍有许多问题有待解决，但长期保存哺乳动物胚胎技术的实际应用已经可行，并为未来发展提供了有趣的可能性。
