Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2014 Feb 28;267:119-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.052. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
A hazardous contaminant, 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) is widespread in the environment due to its extensive use in the manufacture of chemicals and its application in different sectors. The ability of fungi grow on in winery wastes in the preconditioning period of vermicomposting to degrade DCA was investigated. Three filamentous fungi (F1, F2, and F3) were isolated and one identified as Aspergillus niger and two as Fusarium sp. strains. The culture media with the fungus alone or in consortium (Fmix) with DCA as the nitrogen source were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The fastest degradation rate was measured in Fmix with a DT50 of 0.85day(-1). Fusarium sp. and A. niger differed in the metabolism of DCA. Five metabolites were identified as a result of oxidation, co-denitrification, N-acetylation, and polymerization reactions. The major metabolites were 3,4-dichloroacetanilide and dichloroquinolines. The azo-metabolites tetrachloroazobenzene and tetracloroazoxybenzene and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene were found in minor amounts but appeared to be the most persistent in the Fusarium cultures (half-lives ranging from 8.3 to 30.9 days). This study highlights the metabolic potential of microorganisms in the preconditioning period of the vermicomposting process and its possible application for in situ bioremediation strategies.
一种有害污染物，3,4-二氯苯胺（DCA）由于其在化学品制造中的广泛应用及其在不同领域的应用，在环境中广泛存在。研究了真菌在蚯蚓堆肥预处理期利用葡萄酒厂废物生长的能力，以降解 DCA。分离出三种丝状真菌（F1、F2 和 F3），其中一种鉴定为黑曲霉，两种鉴定为镰刀菌属菌株。用真菌单独或与 DCA 作为氮源的真菌混合物（Fmix）培养的培养基通过固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用（SPME-GC/MS）进行了分析。在以 Fmix 为氮源的培养基中，DT50 为 0.85 天（-1），降解速度最快。镰刀菌属和黑曲霉属在 DCA 的代谢上存在差异。由于氧化、共反硝化、N-乙酰化和聚合反应，鉴定出了 5 种代谢物。主要代谢物为 3,4-二氯乙酰苯胺和二氯喹啉。偶氮代谢物四氯偶氮苯和四氯氧化偶氮苯以及 3,4-二氯硝基苯的含量较少，但在镰刀菌属培养物中似乎最持久（半衰期范围为 8.3 至 30.9 天）。这项研究强调了微生物在蚯蚓堆肥过程预处理期的代谢潜力及其在原位生物修复策略中的可能应用。
