Kulesza Pawel J, Pieta Izabela S, Rutkowska Iwona A, Wadas Anna, Marks Diana, Klak Karolina, Stobinski Leszek, Cox James A
Department of Chemistry and Center for Biological Chemical Sciences, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
Electrochim Acta. 2013 Nov 1;110:474-483. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.052.
Different approaches to enhancement of electrocatalytic activity of noble metal nanoparticles during oxidation of small organic molecules (namely potential fuels for low-temperature fuel cells such as methanol, ethanol and formic acid) are described. A physical approach to the increase of activity of catalytic nanoparticles (e.g. platinum or palladium) involves nanostructuring to obtain highly dispersed systems of high surface area. Recently, the feasibility of enhancing activity of noble metal systems through the formation of bimetallic (e.g. PtRu, PtSn, and PdAu) or even more complex (e.g. PtRuW, PtRuSn) alloys has been demonstrated. In addition to possible changes in the electronic properties of alloys, specific interactions between metals as well as chemical reactivity of the added components have been postulated. We address and emphasize here the possibility of utilization of noble metal and alloyed nanoparticles supported on robust but reactive high surface area metal oxides (e.g. WO, MoO, TiO, ZrO, VO, and CeO) in oxidative electrocatalysis. This paper concerns the way in which certain inorganic oxides and oxo species can act effectively as supports for noble metal nanoparticles or their alloys during electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen and representative organic fuels. Among important issues are possible changes in the morphology and dispersion, as well as specific interactions leading to the improved chemisorptive and catalytic properties in addition to the feasibility of long time operation of the discussed systems.
本文描述了在小分子有机化合物（即低温燃料电池的潜在燃料，如甲醇、乙醇和甲酸）氧化过程中增强贵金属纳米颗粒电催化活性的不同方法。提高催化纳米颗粒（如铂或钯）活性的物理方法包括纳米结构化，以获得高比表面积的高度分散体系。最近，通过形成双金属（如PtRu、PtSn和PdAu）甚至更复杂（如PtRuW、PtRuSn）合金来增强贵金属体系活性的可行性已得到证实。除了合金电子性质可能发生变化外，还推测了金属之间的特定相互作用以及添加组分的化学反应性。在此，我们探讨并强调在氧化电催化中利用负载在坚固但具有反应性的高比表面积金属氧化物（如WO、MoO、TiO、ZrO、VO和CeO）上的贵金属和合金纳米颗粒的可能性。本文关注的是在氢气和代表性有机燃料的电催化氧化过程中，某些无机氧化物和含氧物种如何有效地作为贵金属纳米颗粒或其合金的载体。重要问题包括形态和分散性的可能变化，以及除了所讨论体系长时间运行的可行性之外，导致化学吸附和催化性能改善的特定相互作用。
