Devi Nandini
Ph.D. candidate at the Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, at the University of Lucerne in Lucerne, Switzerland.
J Law Med Ethics. 2013 Winter;41(4):792-806, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1111/jlme.12090.
Making decisions is an important component of everyday living, and issues surrounding autonomy and self-determination are crucial for persons with intellectual disabilities. Article 12 (Equal Recognition before the Law) of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities addresses this issue of decision-making for persons with disabilities: the recognition of legal capacity. Legal capacity means recognizing the right to make decisions for oneself. Article 12 is also moving in the direction of supported decision-making, as an alternative to substituted decision-making. The objective of this paper is to show conceptually the connection between supported decisionmaking and the preservation of personal autonomy for persons with intellectual disabilities. This paper discusses supported decision-making based on Bach and Kerzner's model: (a) legally independent status, (b) supported decision- making status, and (c) facilitated decision-making status. Arguments will be made based on John Stuart Mill's concept of autonomy and arguments against it using Sarah Conly's argument for paternalism.
做决策是日常生活的一个重要组成部分，围绕自主和自决的问题对于智障人士至关重要。《联合国残疾人权利公约》第十二条（在法律面前获得平等承认）涉及残疾人的这一决策问题：承认法律行为能力。法律行为能力意味着承认自行做决策的权利。第十二条也在朝着辅助性决策的方向发展，作为替代性决策的一种选择。本文的目的是从概念上展示辅助性决策与智障人士个人自主性的维护之间的联系。本文基于巴赫和克尔兹纳的模型讨论辅助性决策：（a）法律独立地位，（b）辅助性决策地位，以及（c）便利决策地位。将基于约翰·斯图尔特·密尔的自主概念进行论证，并利用莎拉·康利支持家长式作风的论点对其进行反驳。
