Department of Management, Culverhouse College of Commerce, University of Alabama.
Department of Management, Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2014 Jan;19(1):32-45. doi: 10.1037/a0035123.
The stream of research concerning work-family enrichment has generated a significant body of research because it plays an important role in occupational health (Masuda, McNall, Allen, & Nicklin, 2012). work-family enrichment has been defined as "the extent to which experiences in one role improve the quality of life in the other role" (Greenhaus & Powell, 2006, p. 73). Within work-family enrichment, there are two directions: work to family and family to work. Carlson, Kacmar, Wayne, and Grzywacz (2006) developed an 18-item scale to measure this construct. Although the scale has been shown to be both reliable and valid, it also requires work-family researchers to include a proportionally large number of items to capture this construct in a study. The goal of the current study was to isolate a subset of the items in this measure that produces results similar to the full version thereby providing a more streamlined scale for researchers. Using a five-sample study that follows the scale reduction procedures offered by Stanton, Sinar, Balzer, and Smith (2002), we provide evidence that scales containing only three items for each direction of enrichment produce results equivalent to the full scale with respect to reliability and discriminant, convergent, and predictive validity. Reducing the original scale by two thirds, without losing explanatory power, allows scholars to measure enrichment in the work and family domains more efficiently, which should help minimize survey time, lower refusal rates, and generate less missing data.
关于工作-家庭增益的研究已经积累了大量的研究成果，因为它在职业健康中起着重要作用（Masuda、McNall、Allen 和 Nicklin，2012）。工作-家庭增益被定义为“一个角色中的经验提高另一个角色的生活质量的程度”（Greenhaus 和 Powell，2006，第 73 页）。在工作-家庭增益中，有两个方向：工作对家庭和家庭对工作。Carlson、Kacmar、Wayne 和 Grzywacz（2006）开发了一个 18 项的量表来衡量这一结构。虽然该量表已经被证明具有可靠性和有效性，但它也要求工作-家庭研究人员在研究中包含大量的项目来捕捉这一结构。本研究的目的是从该测量中分离出一组项目，这些项目的结果与完整版本相似，从而为研究人员提供一个更精简的量表。通过遵循 Stanton、Sinar、Balzer 和 Smith（2002）提供的量表简化程序的五样本研究，我们提供了证据，表明每个增益方向包含三个项目的量表在可靠性、区分度、收敛度和预测效度方面与完整量表的结果相当。将原始量表缩减三分之二，而不损失解释力，可以使学者们更有效地测量工作和家庭领域的增益，这应该有助于减少调查时间、降低拒绝率，并生成更少的缺失数据。
