Wade Anna, McKinney Andrew, Phillips Joanna J
Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Brain Tumor Research Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Aug;1840(8):2520-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.017. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) reside within a complex and dynamic extracellular microenvironment, or niche. This niche regulates fundamental aspects of their behavior during normal neural development and repair. Precise yet dynamic regulation of NSPC self-renewal, migration, and differentiation is critical and must persist over the life of an organism.
In this review, we summarize some of the major components of the NSPC niche and provide examples of how cues from the extracellular matrix regulate NSPC behaviors. We use proteoglycans to illustrate the many diverse roles of the niche in providing temporal and spatial regulation of cellular behavior.
The NSPC niche is comprised of multiple components that include; soluble ligands, such as growth factors, morphogens, chemokines, and neurotransmitters, the extracellular matrix, and cellular components. As illustrated by proteoglycans, a major component of the extracellular matrix, the NSPC, niche provides temporal and spatial regulation of NSPC behaviors.
The factors that control NSPC behavior are vital to understand as we attempt to modulate normal neural development and repair. Furthermore, an improved understanding of how these factors regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, crucial for malignancy, may reveal novel anti-tumor strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
神经干细胞/祖细胞（NSPCs）存在于复杂且动态的细胞外微环境或生态位中。该生态位在正常神经发育和修复过程中调节其行为的基本方面。对NSPC自我更新、迁移和分化进行精确而动态的调节至关重要，且必须在生物体的整个生命过程中持续存在。
在本综述中，我们总结了NSPC生态位的一些主要组成部分，并举例说明了细胞外基质的信号如何调节NSPC的行为。我们用蛋白聚糖来说明生态位在提供细胞行为的时空调节方面的多种不同作用。
NSPC生态位由多种成分组成，包括可溶性配体，如生长因子、形态发生素、趋化因子和神经递质、细胞外基质和细胞成分。如细胞外基质的主要成分蛋白聚糖所示，NSPC生态位对NSPC行为提供时空调节。
在我们试图调节正常神经发育和修复时，了解控制NSPC行为的因素至关重要。此外，更好地理解这些因素如何调节对恶性肿瘤至关重要的细胞增殖、迁移和分化，可能会揭示新的抗肿瘤策略。本文是名为“基质介导的细胞行为和特性”的特刊的一部分。
