Carrette Teresa, Straehler-Pohl Ilka, Seymour Jamie
School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
Zoological Institute & Museum, Biocentre Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 15;9(1):e84377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084377. eCollection 2014.
The early life stages of the cubomedusa Alatina cf. moseri from Osprey Reef (North Queensland, Australia) and Waikiki (Oahu, Hawaii) were studied using laboratory-based culturing conditions. Spawning populations from both regions were observed with reliable periodicity allowing polyp cultures from these locations to be collected and established under laboratory conditions. The polyps of this species were successfully reared from spawning adults. Polyps of Alatina cf. moseri were cultured at temperatures of 23-28 °C, developed up to 19 tentacles and reached up to 1.70 mm in height. The balloon-shaped hypostomes possessed 4 well-defined lips. The polyps increased their numbers by means of formation of either sedentary polyp buds or creeping-polyp buds, which attached after 2-3 days. Metamorphosis occurred at temperatures of 25-28 °C. Development of polyps and medusae were achieved for the first time within the genus Alatina and allowed comparisons of early life history between these and other species of the Carybdeida families. The metamorphosis and young medusa of this genus showed characters that differed distinctly from those noted for other Carybdeida species, but are very similar to the one described from Puerto Rico by Arneson and Cutress in 1976 for Alatina sp. (named by them Carybdea alata). Based on this evidence, the discrepancies in original specimen descriptions and the previous genetic comparisons, we support the suggestion that the two previously described species of Alatina from Australia and Hawaii (Alatina mordens and Alatina moseri) appear to represent artificial taxonomic units and may in fact be the same as the original Carybdea alata species named from Puerto Rico. Further taxonomic studies are desperately needed in order to clarify the various species and description discrepancies that exist within this newly proposed genus.
利用基于实验室的培养条件，对来自澳大利亚北昆士兰鱼鹰礁和夏威夷瓦胡岛怀基基的莫氏阿拉蒂水母（Alatina cf. moseri）的早期生命阶段进行了研究。观察到来自这两个地区的产卵群体具有可靠的周期性，使得能够从这些地点收集水螅体培养物并在实验室条件下建立培养体系。该物种的水螅体成功地从产卵成体中培育出来。莫氏阿拉蒂水母的水螅体在23 - 28°C的温度下培养，发育出多达19条触手，高度达到1.70毫米。气球状的垂唇有4个界限分明的唇。水螅体通过形成固定水螅体芽或爬行水螅体芽来增加数量，这些芽在2 - 3天后附着。变态发生在25 - 28°C的温度下。首次在阿拉蒂水母属内实现了水螅体和水母的发育，并能够比较该属与其他灯水母科物种的早期生命史。该属的变态和幼体水母表现出与其他灯水母科物种明显不同的特征，但与1976年阿内森和卡特雷斯在波多黎各描述的阿拉蒂水母属物种（他们命名为翼状灯水母Carybdea alata）非常相似。基于这些证据、原始标本描述的差异以及先前的基因比较，我们支持这样的建议，即先前描述的来自澳大利亚和夏威夷的两个阿拉蒂水母物种（莫氏阿拉蒂水母Alatina mordens和阿拉蒂水母Alatina moseri）似乎代表人为分类单元，实际上可能与最初从波多黎各命名的翼状灯水母Carybdea alata物种相同。迫切需要进一步的分类学研究，以澄清这个新提出的属内存在的各种物种和描述差异。
