Department of Social and Legal Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Department of Social Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 14;9(1):e86056. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086056. eCollection 2014.
When people estimate a numeric value after judging whether it is larger or smaller than a high or low anchor value (comparative question), estimates are biased in the direction of the anchor. One explanation for this anchoring effect is that people selectively access knowledge consistent with the anchor value as part of a positive test strategy. Two studies (total N = 184) supported the alternative explanation that people access knowledge consistent with their own answer to the comparative question. Specifically, anchoring effects emerged when the answer to the comparative question was unexpected (lower than the low anchor or higher than the high anchor). For expected answers (lower than the high anchor or higher than the low anchor), however, anchoring effects were attenuated or reversed. The anchor value itself was almost never reported as an absolute estimate.
当人们在判断一个数值是大于还是小于高或低锚定值之后对其进行估计时（比较问题），他们的估计会偏向于锚定值。对这种锚定效应的一种解释是，人们作为积极测试策略的一部分，有选择地获取与锚定值一致的知识。两项研究（总人数=184）支持了另一种解释，即人们获取与比较问题的答案一致的知识。具体来说，当比较问题的答案出乎意料时（低于低锚定值或高于高锚定值），就会出现锚定效应。然而，对于可预期的答案（低于高锚定值或高于低锚定值），锚定效应则会减弱或反转。锚定值本身几乎从未被报告为绝对估计值。
