Mishra Sudhanshu, Singh Sujeet Kumar, Munjal Ashok Kumar, Aspi Jouni, Goyal Surendra Prakash
Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box #18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, 248001 Uttarakhand India ; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022 Rajasthan India.
Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box #18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, 248001 Uttarakhand India.
Springerplus. 2014 Jan 3;3:4. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-4.
In India, six landscapes and source populations that are important for long-term conservation of Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) have been identified. Except for a few studies, nothing is known regarding the genetic structure and extent of gene flow among most of the tiger populations across India as the majority of them are small, fragmented and isolated. Thus, individual-based relationships are required to understand the species ecology and biology for planning effective conservation and genetics-based individual identification has been widely used. But this needs screening and describing characteristics of microsatellite loci from DNA from good-quality sources so that the required number of loci can be selected and the genotyping error rate minimized. In the studies so far conducted on the Bengal tiger, a very small number of loci (n = 35) have been tested with high-quality source of DNA, and information on locus-specific characteristics is lacking. The use of such characteristics has been strongly recommended in the literature to minimize the error rate and by the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) for forensic purposes. Therefore, we describe for the first time locus-specific genetic and genotyping profile characteristics, crucial for population genetic studies, using high-quality source of DNA of the Bengal tiger. We screened 39 heterologous microsatellite loci (Sumatran tiger, domestic cat, Asiatic lion and snow leopard) in captive individuals (n = 8), of which 21 loci are being reported for the first time in the Bengal tiger, providing an additional choice for selection. The mean relatedness coefficient (R = -0.143) indicates that the selected tigers were unrelated. Thirty-four loci were polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 to 7 per locus, and the remaining five loci were monomorphic. Based on the PIC values (> 0.500), and other characteristics, we suggest that 16 loci (3 to 7 alleles) be used for genetic and forensic study purposes. The probabilities of matching genotypes of unrelated individuals (3.692 × 10(-19)) and siblings (4.003 × 10(-6)) are within the values needed for undertaking studies in population genetics, relatedness, sociobiology and forensics.
在印度，已确定了对孟加拉虎（Panthera tigris tigris）长期保护至关重要的六个景观区域和来源种群。除了少数研究外，由于印度大多数老虎种群规模小、分布零散且相互隔离，对于印度境内大多数老虎种群的遗传结构和基因流动程度，人们几乎一无所知。因此，需要基于个体的关系来了解该物种的生态学和生物学特性，以便规划有效的保护措施，基于遗传学的个体识别方法已被广泛应用。但这需要从高质量来源的DNA中筛选和描述微卫星位点的特征，以便能够选择所需数量的位点并将基因分型错误率降至最低。在迄今为止对孟加拉虎进行的研究中，仅用高质量来源的DNA对极少数位点（n = 35）进行了测试，且缺乏位点特异性特征的信息。文献中强烈推荐使用此类特征以降低错误率，国际法医遗传学协会（ISFG）也出于法医目的推荐使用。因此，我们首次使用孟加拉虎高质量来源的DNA描述了对种群遗传学研究至关重要的位点特异性遗传和基因分型概况特征。我们在圈养个体（n = 8）中筛选了39个异源微卫星位点（苏门答腊虎、家猫、亚洲狮和雪豹），其中21个位点是首次在孟加拉虎中报道，为选择提供了更多选项。平均亲缘系数（R = -0.143）表明所选老虎之间没有亲缘关系。34个位点具有多态性，每个位点的等位基因数量从2到7不等，其余5个位点为单态性。基于多态信息含量值（PIC值）（> 0.500）及其他特征，我们建议使用16个位点（3至7个等位基因）用于遗传和法医研究目的。无关个体（3.692×10(-19)）和同胞个体（4.003×10(-6)）基因型匹配的概率处于进行种群遗传学、亲缘关系、社会生物学和法医研究所需的值范围内。
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