Yang Xin-Ping, Zhao Fang-Jie
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 Nov;34(11):4495-502.
With the increasing use of engineered nanoparticles, these materials will inevitably be released into the environment with unknown consequences. The interactions between engineered nanoparticles and plants are of particular concern, and the uptake by plants may constitute one of the main routes of exposure for species at a higher trophic level, leading to possible biomagnification of nanoparticles in the food chain. A review of the current literature shows that nanoparticles can be taken up by plants and cause phytotoxicity. The mechanisms by which engineered nanoparticles penetrate plant cells are still not well understood. Most of the studies have been performed with a few plant species under non-natural conditions such as hydroponics, and have included only the germination or seedling growth stage. Nanoparticles may undergo biotransformation and subsequent translocation within plants, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Phytotoxicity is an important aspect for assessing potential environmental impacts of nanoparticles, but the mode of toxicity remains to be investigated.
随着工程纳米颗粒的使用日益增加，这些材料将不可避免地释放到环境中，其后果未知。工程纳米颗粒与植物之间的相互作用尤其令人担忧，植物对纳米颗粒的吸收可能构成较高营养级物种的主要暴露途径之一，导致纳米颗粒在食物链中可能发生生物放大。对当前文献的综述表明，纳米颗粒可被植物吸收并引起植物毒性。工程纳米颗粒穿透植物细胞的机制仍未得到很好的理解。大多数研究是在非自然条件下（如水培）对少数植物物种进行的，并且仅包括发芽或幼苗生长阶段。纳米颗粒可能在植物体内发生生物转化并随后转运，尽管其机制尚不清楚。植物毒性是评估纳米颗粒潜在环境影响的一个重要方面，但其毒性模式仍有待研究。
