Ratajczak Piotr, Wozniak Anna, Nowakowska Elzbieta
Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2013;73(4):472-84. doi: 10.55782/ane-2013-1953.
Schizophrenia manifests itself primarily with positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive disorders. Animal models of mental diseases seem to be an important tool in understanding key theories related with pathophysiology of the disorder and are used to assess efficacy of new drugs. References describe four basic groups of animal models of schizophrenia, such as: models created by pharmacological intervention, genetic models, lesion models and models of developmental disorders of primary brain structures. Of the models referred to above, the group of developmental disorder models is particularly noteworthy, as they are primarily easy to use, and the methods are highly sensitive. High scientific value of these models is associated with the neurodevelopmental theory which stipulates that at an early stage of body development, a number of interactions between genetic and environmental factors may affect the development of neurons which may cause disorders of brain cytoarchitecture development. We review six developmental models of schizophrenia in rats (MAM--methylooxymethanol acetate, prenatal stress, maternal deprivation, isolation rearing, prenatal immune challenge and maternal malnutrition) that are all validated by disruption in PPI.
精神分裂症主要表现为阳性症状、阴性症状和认知障碍。精神疾病的动物模型似乎是理解该疾病病理生理学相关关键理论的重要工具，并用于评估新药的疗效。参考文献描述了精神分裂症动物模型的四个基本类别，例如：通过药物干预创建的模型、遗传模型、损伤模型以及原发性脑结构发育障碍模型。在上述模型中，发育障碍模型类别尤其值得关注，因为它们主要易于使用，且方法高度敏感。这些模型的高科学价值与神经发育理论相关，该理论规定在身体发育的早期阶段，遗传和环境因素之间的一些相互作用可能会影响神经元的发育，这可能导致脑细胞结构发育障碍。我们综述了六种大鼠精神分裂症发育模型（MAM——醋酸甲基氧甲醇、产前应激、母婴分离、隔离饲养、产前免疫攻击和母体营养不良），这些模型均通过预脉冲抑制的破坏得到验证。
