Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, Florence, I-50134, Italy.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2014 Feb;92(2):117-26. doi: 10.1007/s00109-014-1124-7. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
The metabolic properties of cancer cells significantly differ from those of normal cells. In particular, cancer cells are largely dependent on aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon that has been exploited clinically by using labelled glucose for positron emission tomography imaging. Importantly, cancer-associated alterations in metabolism are not merely due to the resulting response to cell proliferation and survival. Indeed, direct metabolic regulation could be driven by tumor oncogenes and/or suppressors, as demonstrated in several solid tumors, including breast cancer. Despite the fact that most breast cancer studies have focused on the intrinsic characteristics of breast tumor cells, it is now widely accepted that tumor microenvironment plays an important role in defining and reprogramming cancer cell metabolism. Tumor:stroma crosstalk, as well as inflammatory cues, concurs to outlining the cancer metabolism, impact on cancer aggressiveness and ultimately on patient survival and therapeutic responses. The aim of this review is to (i) gather the most recent data regarding the metabolic alterations in breast cancer, (ii) describe the role of tumor microenvironment in breast cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and (iii) contemplate how targeting metabolic pathways aberrantly activated in breast cancer could help current therapeutic regimens.
癌细胞的代谢特性与正常细胞有显著差异。特别是，癌细胞在很大程度上依赖于有氧糖酵解，这一现象已被临床应用于使用标记葡萄糖进行正电子发射断层扫描成像。重要的是，与癌症相关的代谢变化不仅仅是由于细胞增殖和存活的反应。事实上，正如在包括乳腺癌在内的几种实体瘤中所证明的那样，直接的代谢调节可能是由肿瘤致癌基因和/或抑癌基因驱动的。尽管大多数乳腺癌研究都集中在乳腺肿瘤细胞的内在特征上，但现在人们普遍认为肿瘤微环境在定义和重编程癌细胞代谢方面起着重要作用。肿瘤-基质相互作用以及炎症线索共同描绘了癌症代谢，影响癌症侵袭性，并最终影响患者的生存和治疗反应。本综述的目的是：（i）收集有关乳腺癌代谢改变的最新数据，（ii）描述肿瘤微环境在乳腺癌细胞代谢重编程中的作用，以及（iii）思考靶向乳腺癌中异常激活的代谢途径如何帮助当前的治疗方案。
