Etkin Amit, Gyurak Anett, O'Hara Ruth
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA, Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013 Dec;15(4):419-29. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.4/aetkin.
Deficits in brain networks that support cognitive regulatory functions are prevalent in many psychiatric disorders. Findings across neuropsychology and neuroimaging point to broad-based impairments that cross traditional diagnostic boundaries. These dysfunctions are largely separate from the classical symptoms of the disorders, and manifest in regulatory problems in both traditional cognitive and emotional domains. As such, they relate to the capacity of patients to engage effectively in their daily lives and activity, often persist even in the face of symptomatically effective treatment, and are poorly targeted by current treatments. Advances in cognitive neuroscience now allow us to ground an understanding of these cognitive regulatory deficits in the function and interaction of key brain networks. This emerging neurobiological understanding furthermore points to several promising routes for novel neuroscience-informed treatments targeted more specifically at improving cognitive function in a range of psychiatric disorders.
支持认知调节功能的脑网络缺陷在许多精神疾病中普遍存在。神经心理学和神经影像学的研究结果表明，广泛的损伤跨越了传统的诊断界限。这些功能障碍在很大程度上与疾病的经典症状无关，并且在传统认知和情感领域的调节问题中表现出来。因此，它们与患者有效参与日常生活和活动的能力有关，即使在症状有效治疗的情况下也常常持续存在，并且目前的治疗方法对其针对性不强。认知神经科学的进展现在使我们能够基于关键脑网络的功能和相互作用来理解这些认知调节缺陷。这种新出现的神经生物学理解还指出了几条有前景的途径，可用于开发更具针对性的新型神经科学导向治疗方法，以改善一系列精神疾病中的认知功能。
