School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury K12, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury K12, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2014 May;103:91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.12.032. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
The aim of this study was to determine whether adult exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds affects offspring using trans-generational testing. Adult estuarine dwelling gastropods Nassarius burchardi and Nassarius jonasii were exposed to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) to determine the effects on the development and survival of their offspring. Adults were maintained in synthetic seawater controls and EE2 treatments (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 50µg/L) over a sixteen week period. Egg capsules were collected from the adults following four, ten and sixteen weeks of adult exposure and transferred to different EE2 exposure scenarios. Treatment concentrations were selected to represent changes in EE2 exposure that could occur over different periods in an organism's lifecycle. Egg capsules laid by adults were therefore transferred to control or EE2 treatments (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, 500µg/L) to develop until hatching. The percentage of egg capsules with unviable eggs and abnormalities, number of days for hatching to occur and hatching success were measured. The veliger larvae that hatched from egg capsules following two, eight and fourteen weeks of adult exposure to EE2 and controls were used in 96h acute toxicity tests with controls and EE2 treatments at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50, 500, 1250, 2500, 4000µg/L. Exposure of adult N. burchardi and N. jonasii to EE2 affected the percentage of egg capsules with unviable eggs, the development and hatching success of embryos and survival of veligers. These toxicity tests produced a complex set of results with different responses in developing eggs and veliger larvae to the adult EE2 treatments and length of adult exposure. This study demonstrates the importance of trans-generational testing and adult exposure scenarios in toxicity investigations.
本研究旨在通过跨代测试确定成年期暴露于内分泌干扰化合物是否会影响后代。将河口居住的腹足纲动物 Nassarius burchardi 和 Nassarius jonasii 的成年个体暴露于合成雌激素 17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）中，以确定其对后代发育和生存的影响。成年个体在合成海水中的对照和 EE2 处理（0.005、0.05、0.5、50µg/L）中维持 16 周。在成年个体暴露 4、10 和 16 周后，从成年个体中收集卵囊，并将其转移到不同的 EE2 暴露情景中。选择处理浓度以代表在生物体生命周期的不同时期发生的 EE2 暴露变化。因此，将成年个体产下的卵囊转移到对照或 EE2 处理（0.005、0.05、0.5、5、50、500µg/L）中，直到孵化。测量卵囊的不可育卵和异常卵的百分比、孵化所需的天数以及孵化成功率。从暴露于 EE2 和对照的成年个体的卵囊中孵化出的幼体经 2、8 和 14 周的成年期 EE2 暴露后，用于 96 小时急性毒性测试，对照和 EE2 处理浓度为 0.5、5、50、500、1250、2500、4000µg/L。暴露于 EE2 的成年 N. burchardi 和 N. jonasii 影响了卵囊的不可育卵百分比、胚胎的发育和孵化成功率以及幼体的存活率。这些毒性测试产生了一组复杂的结果，对发育中的卵和幼体的反应不同，对成年 EE2 处理和成年暴露时间的反应也不同。本研究证明了跨代测试和成年暴露情景在毒性研究中的重要性。
