Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Mar;108(3):123-5. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/tru005. Epub 2014 Jan 25.
The traditional method for diagnosing Giardia infections involves microscopic examination of faecal specimens for Giardia cysts. This method is subjective and relies on observer experience. From the 1980s onwards, objective techniques have been developed for diagnosing Giardia infections, and are superseding diagnostic techniques reliant on microscopy. Detection of Giardia antigen(s) by immunoassay is the basis of commercially available diagnostic kits. Various nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) can demonstrate DNA of Giardia intestinalis, and have the potential to become standard approaches for diagnosing Giardia infections. Of such techniques, methods involving either fluorescent microspheres (Luminex) or isothermal amplification of DNA (loop-mediated isothermal amplification; LAMP) are especially promising.
传统的贾第虫感染诊断方法包括对粪便样本进行贾第虫包囊的显微镜检查。这种方法是主观的，依赖于观察者的经验。自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，已经开发出了用于诊断贾第虫感染的客观技术，这些技术正在取代依赖显微镜的诊断技术。免疫测定法检测贾第虫抗原是市售诊断试剂盒的基础。各种核酸扩增技术（NAAT）可以证明肠道贾第虫的 DNA，并且有可能成为诊断贾第虫感染的标准方法。在这些技术中，涉及荧光微球（Luminex）或 DNA 等温扩增（环介导等温扩增；LAMP）的方法特别有前途。
