Bar-Kochva Irit, Breznitz Zvia
Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 22;9(1):e86016. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086016. eCollection 2014.
Regular readers were found to adjust the routine of reading to the demands of processing imposed by different orthographies. Dyslexic readers may lack such adaptability in reading. This hypothesis was tested among readers of Hebrew, as Hebrew has two forms of script differing in phonological transparency. Event-related potentials were recorded from 24 regular and 24 dyslexic readers while they carried out a lexical decision task in these two forms of script. The two forms of script elicited distinct amplitudes and latencies at ∼165 ms after target onset, and these effects were larger in regular than in dyslexic readers. These early effects appeared not to be merely a result of the visual difference between the two forms of script (the presence of diacritics). The next effect of form of script was obtained on amplitudes elicited at latencies associated with orthographic-lexical processing and the categorization of stimuli, and these appeared earlier in regular readers (∼340 ms) than in dyslexic readers (∼400 ms). The behavioral measures showed inferior reading skills of dyslexic readers compared to regular readers in reading of both forms of script. Taken together, the results suggest that although dyslexic readers are not indifferent to the type of orthography read, they fail to adjust the routine of reading to the demands of processing imposed by both a transparent and an opaque orthography.
研究发现，普通读者会根据不同正字法所带来的加工要求来调整阅读习惯。阅读障碍读者在阅读中可能缺乏这种适应性。这一假设在希伯来语读者中进行了测试，因为希伯来语有两种在语音透明度上不同的书写形式。在24名普通读者和24名阅读障碍读者进行这两种书写形式的词汇判断任务时，记录了他们的事件相关电位。这两种书写形式在目标呈现后约165毫秒时引发了不同的波幅和潜伏期，且这些效应在普通读者中比在阅读障碍读者中更大。这些早期效应似乎不仅仅是两种书写形式视觉差异（变音符的存在）的结果。书写形式的下一个效应出现在与正字法-词汇加工及刺激分类相关的潜伏期所引发的波幅上，且这些效应在普通读者中（约340毫秒）比在阅读障碍读者中（约400毫秒）出现得更早。行为测量结果显示，在两种书写形式的阅读中，阅读障碍读者的阅读技能均不如普通读者。综合来看，结果表明，尽管阅读障碍读者并非对所读正字法类型无动于衷，但他们无法根据透明和不透明正字法所带来的加工要求来调整阅读习惯。
