Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA ; Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO , USA.
Front Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 21;5:1. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00001. eCollection 2014.
There has been little investigation of the effects of past substance abuse (SA) on working memory (WM) impairments in schizophrenia. This study examined the behavioral and neurobiological impact of past SA (6 months or longer abstinence period) on WM in schizophrenia. Thirty-seven schizophrenia patients (17 with past SA and 20 without) and 32 controls (12 with past SA and 20 without) completed two versions of a two-back WM task during fMRI scanning on separate days. Analyses focused on regions whose patterns of activation replicated across both n-back tasks. Schizophrenia patients were significantly less accurate than controls on both n-back tasks. No main effects or interactions with past SA on WM performance were observed. However, several fronto-parietal-thalamic regions showed an interaction between diagnostic group and past SA. These regions were significantly more active in controls with past SA compared to controls without past SA. Schizophrenia patients with or without past SA either showed no significant differences, or patients with past SA showed somewhat less activation compared to patients without past SA during WM. These results suggest robust effects of past SA on WM brain functioning in controls, but less impact of past SA in schizophrenia. This is consistent with previous literature indicating less impaired neurocognition in schizophrenia with SA.
过去的物质滥用（SA）对精神分裂症工作记忆（WM）损伤的影响研究甚少。本研究探讨了过去的 SA（6 个月或更长的禁欲期）对精神分裂症 WM 的行为和神经生物学影响。37 名精神分裂症患者（17 名有过去的 SA，20 名没有）和 32 名对照者（12 名有过去的 SA，20 名没有）在分开的两天里，在 fMRI 扫描期间完成了两种版本的双背 WM 任务。分析集中在两个 n 回任务中激活模式均复制的区域。精神分裂症患者在两个 n 回任务中的准确性均显著低于对照组。WM 表现没有观察到主要效应或与过去的 SA 的交互作用。然而，几个额顶叶-丘脑区域显示出诊断组和过去的 SA 之间的相互作用。与没有过去 SA 的对照组相比，这些区域在有过去 SA 的对照组中表现出显著更高的活性。有或没有过去 SA 的精神分裂症患者在 WM 期间要么没有显示出显著差异，要么过去 SA 的患者表现出的激活程度低于没有过去 SA 的患者。这些结果表明，过去的 SA 对对照组 WM 大脑功能有明显影响，但对精神分裂症的影响较小。这与以前的文献一致，表明精神分裂症患者的神经认知损伤较小。
