Biochemical and functional changes of platelet stored for transfusional use.

A protocol for the biochemical study of platelet stored for transfusional use at 22 degrees C and under continuous shaking in a plastic bag highly permeable to gases and with a suitable area/volume ratio, is described. Plasmatic dextrose, lactic acid, lactic dehydrogenase activity, cellular ATP and malonyldialdehyde were monitored during the storage, as well as some acid-base indexes namely: pH, pCO2, HCO3-, pO2. The platelet functional status was checked as aggregating power induced by ADP and collagen and by beta-thromboglobulin release. The results obtained are indicative of a discrete maintenance of aerobic metabolism by platelets which are able to give up CO2 and take up O2 so that the plasmatic pH is constant during the storage. However, the malonyldialdehyde increase suggests that platelets become increasingly susceptible to peroxidative attacks. The aggregating response was dramatically reduced even on the third day of storage. The data obtained point out that, under the conditions reported, platelets can be transfused up to the third day of storage.