Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014;48(5):2551-60. doi: 10.1021/es4040792. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
We examined the potential life-cycle environmental impact reduction of three green building code and certification (GBCC) systems: LEED, ASHRAE 189.1, and IgCC. A recently completed whole-building life cycle assessment (LCA) database of NIST was applied to a prototype building model specification by NREL. TRACI 2.0 of EPA was used for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). The results showed that the baseline building model generates about 18 thousand metric tons CO2-equiv. of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and consumes 6 terajoule (TJ) of primary energy and 328 million liter of water over its life-cycle. Overall, GBCC-compliant building models generated 0% to 25% less environmental impacts than the baseline case (average 14% reduction). The largest reductions were associated with acidification (25%), human health-respiratory (24%), and global warming (GW) (22%), while no reductions were observed for ozone layer depletion (OD) and land use (LU). The performances of the three GBCC-compliant building models measured in life-cycle impact reduction were comparable. A sensitivity analysis showed that the comparative results were reasonably robust, although some results were relatively sensitive to the behavioral parameters, including employee transportation and purchased electricity during the occupancy phase (average sensitivity coefficients 0.26-0.29).
我们研究了三种绿色建筑规范和认证（GBCC）系统——LEED、ASHRAE 189.1 和 IgCC——的潜在生命周期环境影响减少情况。我们应用 NIST 最近完成的全建筑生命周期评估（LCA）数据库，对 NREL 提出的原型建筑模型规范进行了分析。美国环保署的 TRACI 2.0 被用于生命周期影响评估（LCIA）。结果表明，基准建筑模型在其生命周期内产生约 18000 公吨二氧化碳当量温室气体（GHG），消耗 6 太焦耳（TJ）一次能源和 3.28 亿升水。总体而言，符合 GBCC 规范的建筑模型产生的环境影响比基准案例减少 0%至 25%（平均减少 14%）。最大的减排量与酸化（25%）、人类健康-呼吸道（24%）和全球变暖（GW）（22%）有关，而臭氧层消耗（OD）和土地利用（LU）没有减少。三种符合 GBCC 规范的建筑模型在生命周期影响减少方面的性能相当。敏感性分析表明，尽管一些结果对员工交通和占用阶段购买电力等行为参数相对敏感（平均敏感性系数为 0.26-0.29），但比较结果具有相当的稳健性。
