Yang Tao, Bandyopadhyay Arkasama, O'Neill Zheng, Wen Jin, Dong Bing
J. Mike Walker' 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.
Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
Build Simul. 2022;15(6):913-932. doi: 10.1007/s12273-021-0861-0. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
Occupants are the core of the built environment. Traditional heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems operate with predefined schedules and maximum occupancy assumptions with no consideration of specific occupant information. These generalized assumptions usually do not align with the actual demand and result in over-conditioning and occupant discomfort. In recent years, with the aid of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) and Computer Science (CS), it is possible to acquire real-time and accurate occupant information to satisfy the exact thermal requirement through specific HVAC control in one particular built environment. This mechanism is called HVAC "Occupant-centric Control (OCC)." HVAC OCC strategy starts with collecting the occupant's information (e.g., presence/absence) and then applies it to meet the occupant's requirement (e.g., thermal comfort). However, even though some research studies and field pilot demonstrations have been devoted to the field of OCC, there is a lack of systematic knowledge about occupant data, which is the principal component of OCC for HVAC researchers and practitioners. To fill this gap, this review paper discusses OCC with a particular emphasis on occupant information and investigates how this information can assist HVAC operation in providing an acceptable built environment in required spaces during the required time. We provide a fine-grained, comprehensive picture of occupant information, discuss its features, the modalities of information feed-in into the HVAC control, and the application of commonly utilized occupant information for OCC.
居住者是建筑环境的核心。传统的供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统按照预定义的时间表运行，并基于最大 occupancy 假设，而不考虑特定居住者的信息。这些一般性假设通常与实际需求不符，导致过度调节和居住者不适。近年来，借助信息通信技术（ICT）和计算机科学（CS），通过在特定建筑环境中进行特定的HVAC控制来获取实时、准确的居住者信息以满足确切的热需求成为可能。这种机制被称为HVAC的“以居住者为中心的控制（OCC）”。HVAC的OCC策略始于收集居住者的信息（例如，是否在场），然后应用该信息来满足居住者的需求（例如，热舒适度）。然而，尽管一些研究和现场试点示范致力于OCC领域，但对于居住者数据仍缺乏系统的认识，而居住者数据是HVAC研究人员和从业者进行OCC的主要组成部分。为了填补这一空白，本文献综述讨论了OCC，特别强调居住者信息，并研究该信息如何在所需时间内协助HVAC运行，在所需空间提供可接受的建筑环境。我们提供了居住者信息的细粒度、全面图景，讨论了其特征、输入HVAC控制的信息模式，以及OCC常用居住者信息的应用。
