Wannenmacher M
Radiologische Klinik der Universität, Freiburg.
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1987;372:499-504. doi: 10.1007/BF01297870.
In case of the rectum carcinoma radiotherapy can be applied as preoperative, intraoperative or postoperative measure, and in single cases also as exclusive therapeutic means. Multicentric studies revealed that preoperative radiotherapy helps to reduce the number of recurrences considerably. Postoperative radiotherapy has the advantage that the tumor volume becomes obvious and that only risk groups who profit from this therapy will be irradiated. Presently, a definite statement can not be made whether intraoperative radiotherapy will be able to further improve the results.
对于直肠癌，放射治疗可作为术前、术中或术后的治疗手段，个别情况下也可作为唯一的治疗方法。多中心研究表明，术前放疗有助于显著减少复发次数。术后放疗的优点是肿瘤体积变得明显，且仅对能从该治疗中获益的风险组进行照射。目前，对于术中放疗是否能够进一步改善治疗效果还无法给出明确结论。
