Marques Marília Rossato, Stigger Felipe, Segabinazi Ethiane, Augustin Otávio Américo, Barbosa Sílvia, Piazza Francele Valente, Achaval Matilde, Marcuzzo Simone
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP: 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP: 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP: 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Behav Brain Res. 2014 Apr 15;263:149-57. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
Cerebral palsy (CP) results from nonprogressive lesions in the immature brain generating changes on the neuromuscular system. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a combination of stimuli that provides greater motivation and interest in novel movement exploration through the provision of various devices associated to enhanced social stimulation that would mimic the physiotherapy approach. The aim of this study was to verify whether EE is able to prevent the establishment of motor impairment in a CP rat model. The animals were divided in two groups: control animals (healthy) and animals submitted to a CP model. After this, the pups were exposed to two environments: enriched or standard, totaling four groups: Control group (without CP in a standard environment), CP group (CP model in a standard environment), EE group (without CP in an enriched environment) and CP-EE (CP model in an enriched environment). The experimental model was induced in pregnant Wistar rats by the association of maternal exposure to bacterial endotoxin, perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction of the pups. The assessment of motor skills was held using the following tests: open field, rotarod, horizontal ladder, narrow suspended bar and stride length. The histological analysis evaluated the mean cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus muscle fibers, the mean CSA of motoneuronal somata and expression of synaptophysin in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. EE was able to prevent the motor deficits, however, it did not reverse the muscle atrophy observed in CP animals. Furthermore, there was an average increase in the mean area of motoneurons and an increase in the expression of synaptophysin in the ventral horn of the spinal cord of the CP-EE group in relation to CP animals reared in a standard environment. Hereupon, the stimulus increment provided by EE can prevent the onset of motor deficits and histological changes in a CP rat model.
脑性瘫痪（CP）源于未成熟大脑中的非进行性病变，这些病变会引起神经肌肉系统的变化。环境富集（EE）是多种刺激的组合，通过提供与增强社交刺激相关的各种装置来模拟物理治疗方法，从而为探索新运动提供更大的动力和兴趣。本研究的目的是验证EE是否能够预防CP大鼠模型中运动障碍的形成。将动物分为两组：对照组动物（健康）和接受CP模型的动物。此后，将幼崽置于两种环境中：富集环境或标准环境，共分为四组：对照组（标准环境中无CP）、CP组（标准环境中的CP模型）、EE组（富集环境中无CP）和CP-EE组（富集环境中的CP模型）。通过将孕鼠暴露于细菌内毒素、围产期缺氧以及对幼崽进行感觉运动限制来诱导建立实验模型。使用以下测试评估运动技能：旷场试验、转棒试验、水平阶梯试验、窄悬杆试验和步幅长度。组织学分析评估了比目鱼肌纤维的平均横截面积（CSA）、运动神经元胞体的平均CSA以及脊髓腹角中突触素的表达。EE能够预防运动缺陷，然而，它并未逆转CP动物中观察到的肌肉萎缩。此外，与在标准环境中饲养的CP动物相比，CP-EE组脊髓腹角中运动神经元的平均面积平均增加，突触素的表达也增加。因此，EE提供的刺激增加可以预防CP大鼠模型中运动缺陷和组织学变化的发生。
