Geosciences Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55099, Germany.
Geosciences Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55099, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Apr 1;476-477:447-59. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.031. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
This study describes the impact of airborne pollution resulting from mining and smelting activities on the soils of the Almalyk mining and industrial area (NE Uzbekistan). Samples were collected along a transect downwind of the industrial area. Enriched contents of some metals were found in the upper soil layers near the metallurgical complex (Zn≤3010 mg kg(-1), Pb≤630 mg kg(-1), Cd≤30 mg kg(-1)) which suggests that these metals were derived from local stack emissions. The morphology and internal microstructure of metal-bearing spherical particles found in the heavy mineral fraction suggest that these particles were probably a result of inefficient flue gas cleaning technique of the smelter. The highest metal concentrations were found also in soil solutions and exchangeable solid fractions from the first three locations, and decreased with increasing distance from the pollution source along transect. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations suggest that the mobile metal pool in the contaminated soil is mainly controlled by dissolution of metal carbonates formed as weathering product of the metalliferous particles. The health of the microbiological soil ecosystem was assessed by measurements of basal respiration, nematode abundance, biomass-related C and N content, and microbial metabolic quotient qCO2. Significant correlations were found between the dissolved metal content and the microbiological health parameters, a negative one for Cmic/Corg ratio, and a positive one for qCO2. A negative correlation was found between the amount of nematodes and the metal contents suggesting that the contaminated soil has significant impact on the functioning of the microbiological community. A better understanding of the spatial variations in the whole ecosystem functioning due to airborne impact could be very useful for establishing suitable land use and best management practices for the polluted areas.
本研究描述了采矿和冶炼活动产生的空气传播污染对中亚乌兹别克斯坦 Almalyk 采矿业和工业区土壤的影响。样本沿工业区下风方向的一条横断面采集。在靠近冶金综合体的上层土壤中发现了一些金属的含量增加（Zn≤3010mgkg(-1)，Pb≤630mgkg(-1)，Cd≤30mgkg(-1)），这表明这些金属来自当地烟囱排放。在重矿物部分发现的含金属的球形颗粒的形态和内部微观结构表明，这些颗粒可能是冶炼厂低效烟气净化技术的结果。在距离污染源沿横断面的前三个位置，土壤溶液和可交换固体部分中的金属浓度最高，随着距离的增加而降低。热力学平衡计算表明，受污染土壤中可移动金属池主要受金属碳酸盐的溶解控制，这些碳酸盐是金属颗粒风化的产物。通过测量基础呼吸、线虫丰度、与生物质相关的 C 和 N 含量以及微生物代谢商 qCO2，评估了土壤微生物生态系统的健康状况。发现溶解金属含量与微生物健康参数之间存在显著相关性，对于 Cmic/Corg 比呈负相关，对于 qCO2 呈正相关。线虫数量与金属含量之间存在负相关关系，这表明污染土壤对微生物群落的功能有重大影响。更好地了解由于空气传播影响而导致的整个生态系统功能的空间变化，对于建立污染地区的适宜土地利用和最佳管理实践非常有用。
