NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia, 3021,
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014 Mar;12(1):74-81. doi: 10.1007/s11914-014-0193-4.
In this commentary, we focus on common 'downstream' links of vitamin D between muscle and bone health. Both direct and indirect effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D) link the mutual age-related decline in muscle function and bone density, independent of physical activity. Changes in calcium absorption associated with vitamin D deficiency affect both muscle and bone mass. The age-related decline in vitamin D receptor expression and 1,25(OH)D activity impact on proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor -α and interleukin-6 in skeletal muscle and vitamin D deficiency appears to enhance both bone marrow adipogenesis and intramuscular adipose tissue impacting as reduced functionality in both skeletal tissues. Controversial findings on the role of 1,25(OH)D on skeletal muscle may relate to differences in vitamin D receptor expression throughout different stages of muscle cell differentiation. Prolonged vitamin D insufficiency in the elderly is associated with reductions in both bone mineral density and type 2 muscle fibers with the outcomes of skeletal fragility in combination with reduced muscle power, leading to increased risk of falls and fracture.
在这篇评论中，我们关注维生素 D 在肌肉和骨骼健康之间的常见“下游”联系。1,25 二羟维生素 D（1,25（OH）D）的直接和间接作用都与肌肉功能和骨密度随年龄的相关性下降有关，而与体力活动无关。与维生素 D 缺乏相关的钙吸收变化会影响肌肉和骨量。维生素 D 受体表达和 1,25（OH）D 活性随年龄的下降会影响骨骼肌肉中的促炎细胞因子，如肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6，而维生素 D 缺乏似乎会增强骨髓脂肪生成和肌肉内脂肪组织，从而降低两种骨骼组织的功能。关于 1,25（OH）D 对骨骼肌肉作用的争议性发现可能与维生素 D 受体在肌肉细胞分化的不同阶段的表达差异有关。老年人长期维生素 D 不足与骨矿物质密度和 2 型肌纤维减少有关，其结果是骨骼脆弱与肌肉力量下降相结合，导致跌倒和骨折的风险增加。
