Kościelska Malgorzata, Mieczkowski Mariusz
Katedra i Klinika Nefrologii, Dializoterapii i Chorób Wewnetrznych, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny.
Wiad Lek. 2013;66(4):329-33.
An elevation of arterial blood pH called alkalosis remains an underestimated condition in hospitalized patients. Serious alkalosis can be associated with high risk of death. The disorder can be caused by increased concentration of bicarbonate (metabolic alkalosis) or decreased concentration of carbon dioxide (respiratory alkalosis). In most cases of metabolic alkalosis it is generated by vomiting or diuretic use, whereas respiratory alkalosis is provoked by hyperventilation associated with respiratory or neurological disorder. Maintenance of metabolic alkalosis is possible only in patients with impaired renal base excretion which is most often produced by hypochloremia. In both respiratory and metabolic alkaloses treatment depends on the underlying factor. In hyperventilation syndrome is based on behavioral therapy. In most cases of metabolic alkalosis the administration of sodium and potassium chloride forms a substantial part of therapy.
动脉血pH值升高即碱中毒，在住院患者中仍是一种未得到充分重视的病症。严重碱中毒可能与高死亡风险相关。该病症可由碳酸氢盐浓度升高（代谢性碱中毒）或二氧化碳浓度降低（呼吸性碱中毒）引起。在大多数代谢性碱中毒病例中，其由呕吐或使用利尿剂所致，而呼吸性碱中毒则由与呼吸或神经系统疾病相关的过度通气引发。仅在肾碱基排泄受损的患者中才可能维持代谢性碱中毒，而这最常见于低氯血症。对于呼吸性和代谢性碱中毒，治疗均取决于潜在因素。对于过度通气综合征，治疗基于行为疗法。在大多数代谢性碱中毒病例中，给予氯化钠和氯化钾是治疗的重要组成部分。
