State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
J Environ Sci (China). 2013 Oct 1;25(10):2003-13. doi: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60275-7.
The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were investigated in drinking water sources (surface and groundwater) collected from Swat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The potential health risks of heavy metals to the local population and their possible source apportionment were also studied. Heavy metal concentrations were analysed using atomic absorption spectrometer and compared with permissible limits set by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were higher than their respective permissible limits, while Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations were observed within their respective limits. Health risk indicators such as chronic daily intake (CDI) and health risk index (HRI) were calculated for adults and children separately. CDIs and HRIs of heavy metals were found in the order of Cr > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb and Cd > Ni > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn, respectively. HRIs of selected heavy metals in the drinking water were less than 1, indicating no health risk to the local people. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses showed that geologic and anthropogenic activities were the possible sources of water contamination with heavy metals in the study area.
本研究采集了巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省斯瓦特山谷的地表水和地下水作为饮用水水源，检测了水源中 Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 等重金属的浓度。同时，还研究了重金属对当地居民的潜在健康风险及其可能的来源分配。重金属浓度采用原子吸收光谱仪进行分析，并与巴基斯坦环境保护局和世界卫生组织规定的允许限值进行了比较。结果表明，Cd、Cr、Ni 和 Pb 的浓度高于各自的允许限值，而 Cu、Mn 和 Zn 的浓度则在各自的限值范围内。分别为成年人和儿童计算了慢性日摄入量（CDI）和健康风险指数（HRI）等健康风险指标。重金属的 CDI 和 HRI 顺序为 Cr > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb 和 Cd > Ni > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn。研究区域饮用水中部分重金属的 HRI 均小于 1，表明对当地居民没有健康风险。多元和单变量统计分析表明，地质和人为活动是造成该地区饮用水重金属污染的可能来源。
