Shriver Adam J
Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2014 Apr;23(2):152-62. doi: 10.1017/S0963180113000686. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
Recent results from the neurosciences demonstrate that pleasure and pain are not two symmetrical poles of a single scale of experience but in fact two different types of experiences altogether, with dramatically different contributions to well-being. These differences between pleasure and pain and the general finding that "the bad is stronger than the good" have important implications for our treatment of nonhuman animals. In particular, whereas animal experimentation that causes suffering might be justified if it leads to the prevention of more suffering, it can never by justified merely by leading to increased levels of happiness.
神经科学的最新研究结果表明，愉悦和痛苦并非单一体验尺度上的两个对称极点，而是两种截然不同的体验类型，对幸福感的贡献也大相径庭。愉悦与痛苦之间的这些差异，以及“坏事比好事更具影响力”这一普遍发现，对我们对待非人类动物的方式具有重要意义。特别是，如果导致痛苦的动物实验能预防更多痛苦，那么这种实验或许有其合理性，但仅仅因为能带来更高程度的快乐，它永远无法被证明是合理的。
