Department of Nutrition, National Centre for Clinical Nutrition, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
Semin Thromb Hemost. 2014 Mar;40(2):214-26. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1365839. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Platelet activation and aggregation play an integral role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Diets and nutrients play a potential role in modifying CVD progression, particularly in platelet function, and have the potential of altering platelet function tests. Diets such as Mediterranean diet, high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and vegetarian diets have inverse relationships with CVD. Dark chocolate, foods with low glycemic index, garlic, ginger, omega-3 PUFA, onion, purple grape juice, tomato, and wine all reduce platelet aggregation. Dark chocolate and omega-3 PUFA also reduce P-selectin expression. In addition, dark chocolate reduces PAC-1 binding and platelet microparticle formation. Berries inhibit platelet function (PFA-100). Energy drinks have been shown to increase platelet aggregation and caffeine increases platelet microparticle formation. Therefore, repeat testing of platelet function may be required, not only after exclusion of known antiplatelet medications but also potentially after exclusion of dietary substances/nutrients that could have plausibly affected initial test data.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球范围内的主要死亡原因。血小板激活和聚集在止血和血栓形成中起着重要作用。饮食和营养在改变 CVD 进展方面发挥着潜在作用，特别是在血小板功能方面，并且有可能改变血小板功能测试。地中海饮食等富含ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和素食饮食与 CVD 呈负相关。黑巧克力、低血糖指数食物、大蒜、生姜、ω-3 PUFA、洋葱、紫葡萄汁、番茄和葡萄酒都能减少血小板聚集。黑巧克力和 ω-3 PUFA 也能降低 P-选择素的表达。此外，黑巧克力还能减少 PAC-1 结合和血小板微粒形成。浆果能抑制血小板功能（PFA-100）。能量饮料已被证明会增加血小板聚集，咖啡因会增加血小板微粒形成。因此，不仅在排除已知的抗血小板药物后，而且在潜在地排除可能影响初始测试数据的饮食物质/营养物质后，可能需要重复测试血小板功能。
