Wiklund Mari
Department of Modern Languages, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Commun Med. 2012;9(2):173-86.
Asperger syndrome (AS) is a form of high-functioning autism characterized by qualitative impairment in social interaction. People afflicted with AS typically have abnormal nonverbal behaviors which are often manifested by avoiding eye contact. Gaze constitutes an important interactional resource, and an AS person's tendency to avoid eye contact may affect the fluidity of conversations and cause misunderstandings. For this reason, it is important to know the precise ways in which this avoidance is done, and in what ways it affects the interaction. The objective of this article is to describe the gaze behavior of preadolescent AS children in institutional multiparty conversations. Methodologically, the study is based on conversation analysis and a multimodal study of interaction. The findings show that three main patterns are used for avoiding eye contact: (1) fixing one's gaze straight ahead; (2) letting one's gaze wander around; and (3) looking at one's own hands when speaking. The informants of this study do not look at the interlocutors at all in the beginning or the middle of their turn. However, sometimes they turn to look at the interlocutors at the end of their turn. This proves that these children are able to use gaze as a source offeedback. When listening, looking at the speaker also seems to be easier for them than looking at the listeners when speaking
阿斯伯格综合征（AS）是一种高功能自闭症，其特征是社交互动存在质性缺陷。患有阿斯伯格综合征的人通常有异常的非言语行为，常表现为避免眼神接触。目光构成了一种重要的互动资源，而阿斯伯格综合征患者避免眼神接触的倾向可能会影响对话的流畅性并导致误解。因此，了解这种避免眼神接触的确切方式以及它以何种方式影响互动很重要。本文的目的是描述机构化多方对话中青春期前阿斯伯格综合征儿童的目光行为。从方法上讲，该研究基于对话分析和互动的多模态研究。研究结果表明，避免眼神接触主要有三种模式：（1）直视前方；（2）目光游移；（3）说话时看自己的手。本研究的受访者在轮到自己发言的开始或中间根本不看对话者。然而，有时他们在轮到自己发言结束时会转向看对话者。这证明这些孩子能够将目光用作一种反馈来源。在倾听时，对他们来说看着说话者似乎也比说话时看着倾听者更容易。
