Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Ecolab Research Center, Pest Elimination Division, Ecolab, 655 Lone Dr., Eagan, MN 55121, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2013 Dec;106(6):2433-41. doi: 10.1603/ec13032.
Bed bugs were exposed to freezing temperatures for various exposure times to determine cold tolerance and mortality estimates for multiple life stages. The mean supercooling point for all bed bug life stages ranged from -21.3 degrees C to -30.3 degrees C, with the egg stage reporting the lowest value. A probit analysis provided a lower lethal temperature (LLT99) of -31.2 degrees C when estimates from all life stages were combined, demonstrating that all stages of bed bugs are not capable of surviving temperatures below body freezing and are therefore freeze intolerant. At conditions above the LLT99, bed bug mortality depended on temperature and exposure time at temperatures above LLT99. Based on our model estimates, survival was estimated for temperatures above -12 degrees C even after 1 wk of continuous exposure. However, exposure to temperatures below -13 degrees C will result in 100% mortality in d to ensure mortality of all life stages. Unfortunately, sublethal exposure to lower temperatures did not prevent subsequent feeding behavior in surviving stages. Practical recommendations for management of potentially infested items are discussed.
将臭虫暴露在不同的冷冻温度下，持续不同的暴露时间，以确定其对不同生命阶段的耐寒性和致死率估计值。所有臭虫生命阶段的平均过冷却点范围为-21.3°C 至-30.3°C，其中卵期报告的数值最低。概率分析提供了一个当所有生命阶段的估计值结合在一起时的致死低温（LLT99）为-31.2°C，这表明臭虫的所有阶段都不能在低于身体冻结的温度下存活，因此不耐寒。在高于 LLT99 的条件下，臭虫的死亡率取决于温度和暴露时间，而在高于 LLT99 的温度下，臭虫的死亡率取决于温度和暴露时间。根据我们的模型估计，即使在连续暴露 1 周后，温度高于-12°C 时仍能估计出存活的情况。然而，暴露在低于-13°C 的温度下，所有生命阶段都会 100%死亡，以确保所有生命阶段的死亡率。不幸的是，在较低温度下的亚致死暴露并不能防止存活阶段随后的进食行为。讨论了潜在受污染物品管理的实用建议。
