a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Southern Clinical School of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre , Monash University , Victoria , Australia.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(9):1167-79. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.629353.
Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent cancer worldwide. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted to examine the association between intake of different types of dairy foods during adulthood and the development of colorectal cancer, specifically comparing nonfermented milk, solid cheese, and fermented milk. Seven databases were systematically searched and 15 cohort studies selected for inclusion, involving over 900,000 subjects and over 5200 colorectal cancer cases. Meta-analysis resulted in an overall relative risk of colon cancer of 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.60-0.91) in men consuming nonfermented milk (highest intake category averaging 525 g/day). No association was found between consumption of nonfermented milk and rectal cancer in men or nonfermented milk and colon or rectal cancer in women. No protective association was found between consumption of solid cheese or fermented milk and colorectal cancer. Reasons for the differences in the impact of nonfermented milk, solid cheese, and fermented milk in the colon are discussed. This meta-analysis supports the inverse association between nonfermented milk consumption and risk of colon cancer in men, and provides an evidence base to assist in the formulation of dietary guidelines involving dairy foods.
结直肠癌是全球第二大常见癌症。本系统评价和荟萃分析对前瞻性研究进行了分析，以研究成年人摄入不同类型的乳制品与结直肠癌发展之间的关系，特别是比较了非发酵乳、固体奶酪和发酵乳。系统检索了 7 个数据库，并选择了 15 项队列研究进行纳入，涉及超过 90 万名受试者和超过 5200 例结直肠癌病例。荟萃分析结果显示，男性摄入非发酵乳（摄入量最高类别平均每天 525 克）与结肠癌的总体相对风险为 0.74（95%置信区间 0.60-0.91）。男性摄入非发酵乳与直肠癌之间、女性摄入非发酵乳与结肠癌或直肠癌之间均无关联。摄入固体奶酪或发酵乳与结直肠癌之间没有保护关联。讨论了非发酵乳、固体奶酪和发酵乳在结肠中作用不同的原因。本荟萃分析支持男性摄入非发酵乳与结肠癌风险呈负相关，为制定涉及乳制品的饮食指南提供了证据基础。
