Department of Psychology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan.
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
Death Stud. 2011 Jan;35(1):22-41. doi: 10.1080/07481181003765592.
This study explores the bereavement process and continuing bond in Pakistani Muslims with the focus on how culture and religion influence these processes. Ten participants were interviewed and their transcribed interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Three main domains were identified from the narratives expressed by the participants: death and the process of grieving, continuing the link with the deceased, and influencing agents. The findings indicated that Pakistani Muslims maintained their link with the deceased through cultural and religious rituals, such as performing prayers, reciting holy verses, talking and dreaming about the deceased, doing charity, visiting graves, and arranging communal gatherings. The prime purpose of many of these practices was the forgiveness of the deceased. Grief reactions seemed to be determined by the nature of death, prior relationships with the deceased, reaction of society and gender of the bereaved. Religion provided a strong basis for coping and adjustment of the bereaved, through rationalizing and accepting the death. This study has important implications for counselors and family therapists who can use religious affliations to reduce the impact of loss and complicated bereavement.
本研究探讨了巴基斯坦穆斯林的丧亲过程和延续联系，重点关注文化和宗教如何影响这些过程。通过对 10 名参与者的访谈，并采用扎根理论方法对其转录访谈进行分析，从参与者表达的叙述中确定了三个主要领域：死亡和悲伤过程、与逝者的延续联系以及影响因素。研究结果表明，巴基斯坦穆斯林通过文化和宗教仪式与逝者保持联系，例如祈祷、诵读圣典、与逝者交谈和做梦、施舍、扫墓以及组织社区聚会。这些做法的主要目的之一是为逝者求得原谅。悲伤反应似乎取决于死亡的性质、与逝者的先前关系、社会的反应以及丧亲者的性别。宗教为丧亲者的应对和调整提供了坚实的基础，通过使他们合理化和接受死亡来实现。这项研究对辅导员和家庭治疗师具有重要意义，他们可以利用宗教信仰来减轻失去亲人的影响和复杂的丧亲之痛。
