Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA.
Department of Economics, College of Business and Public Administration, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.
Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Apr;24(4):254-9. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Jan 22.
Debate surrounds the accuracy of U.S. government's estimates of job-related injuries and illnesses in agriculture. Whereas studies have attempted to estimate the undercount for all industries combined, none have specifically addressed agriculture.
Data were drawn from the U.S. government's premier sources for workplace injuries and illnesses and employment: the Bureau of Labor Statistics databanks for the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII), the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, and the Current Population Survey. Estimates were constructed using transparent assumptions; for example, that the rate (cases-per-employee) of injuries and illnesses on small farms was the same as on large farms (an assumption we altered in sensitivity analysis).
We estimated 74,932 injuries and illnesses for crop farms and 68,504 for animal farms, totaling 143,436 cases in 2011. We estimated that SOII missed 73.7% of crop farm cases and 81.9% of animal farm cases for an average of 77.6% for all agriculture. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the percent missed ranged from 61.5% to 88.3% for all agriculture.
We estimate considerable undercounting of nonfatal injuries and illnesses in agriculture and believe the undercounting is larger than any other industry. Reasons include: SOII's explicit exclusion of employees on small farms and of farmers and family members and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages's undercounts of employment. Undercounting limits our ability to identify and address occupational health problems in agriculture, affecting both workers and society.
关于美国政府对农业领域工伤和疾病的估计准确性存在争议。虽然有研究试图估算所有行业的低估情况，但没有专门针对农业的研究。
数据来自美国政府关于工作场所伤害和疾病以及就业的主要来源：职业伤害和疾病调查（SOII）、季度就业和工资普查以及当前人口普查的统计局数据库。使用透明的假设来构建估计值；例如，小农场的伤害和疾病发生率（每员工病例数）与大农场相同（我们在敏感性分析中改变了这一假设）。
我们估计 2011 年作物农场有 74932 例伤害和疾病，动物农场有 68504 例，总计 143436 例。我们估计 SOII 错过了 73.7%的作物农场病例和 81.9%的动物农场病例，平均所有农业病例的漏报率为 77.6%。敏感性分析表明，所有农业病例漏报率范围从 61.5%到 88.3%。
我们估计农业领域的非致命性伤害和疾病存在大量漏报情况，并且认为漏报情况比其他任何行业都更为严重。原因包括：SOII 明确排除了小农场的员工以及农民和家庭成员，以及季度就业和工资普查的就业漏报。漏报限制了我们识别和解决农业职业健康问题的能力，影响了工人和社会。
