Arachnology, Senckenberg Research Institute, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2014 May;74:48-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.021. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
The phylogeny of the spider family Sparassidae is comprehensively investigated using four molecular markers (mitochondrial COI and 16S; nuclear H3 and 28S). Sparassidae was recovered as monophyletic and as most basal group within the RTA-clade. The higher-level clade Dionycha was not but monophyly of RTA-clade was supported. No affiliation of Sparassidae to other members of the 'Laterigradae' (Philodromidae, Selenopidae and Thomisidae) was observed, and the crab-like posture of this group assumed a result of convergent evolution. Only Philodromidae and Selenopidae were found members of a supported clade, but together with Salticidae and Corinnidae, while Thomisidae was nested within the higher Lycosoidea. Within Sparassidae monophyly of the subfamilies Heteropodinae sensu stricto, Palystinae and Deleninae was recovered. Sparianthinae was supported as the most basal clade within Sparassidae. Sparassinae and the genus Olios were found each to be polyphyletic. Eusparassinae was not recovered monophyletic, with the two original genera Eusparassus and Pseudomicrommata in separate clades and only the latter clustered with most other assumed Eusparassinae, here termed the "African clade". Further focus was on the monophyletic genus Eusparassus and its proposed species groups, of which the dufouri-, walckenaeri- and doriae-group were confirmed as monophyletic with the two latter groups more closely related. According to molecular clock analyses, the divergence time of Sparassidae and Eusparassus was estimated with 186 and 70 million years ago respectively.
运用线粒体 COI 和 16S 以及核 H3 和 28S 这四个分子标记，全面研究了狼蛛科（Sparassidae）的系统发育。狼蛛科被证明是一个单系群，并且是 RTA 进化枝中最基础的类群。然而，高级 Dionycha 类群并不是单系的，但是 RTA 进化枝的单系性得到了支持。狼蛛科与其他“Laterigradae”成员（Philodromidae、Selenopidae 和 Thomisidae）没有关系，该组的蟹状姿势是趋同进化的结果。只有 Philodromidae 和 Selenopidae 被发现是一个支持的进化枝的成员，但与 Salticidae 和 Corinnidae 一起，而 Thomisidae 嵌套在更高的 Lycosoidea 中。在狼蛛科中，狭义的 Heteropodinae 亚科、Palystinae 和 Deleninae 是单系的。Sparianthinae 被证明是狼蛛科中最基础的进化枝。Sparassinae 和 Olios 属被发现各自是多系的。 Eusparassinae 没有被恢复为单系，其中两个原始属 Eusparassus 和 Pseudomicrommata 分别处于不同的进化枝中，只有后者与大多数其他假定的 Eusparassinae 聚类，这里称为“非洲进化枝”。进一步的重点是单系的 Eusparassus 属及其提出的物种群，其中 dufouri-、walckenaeri- 和 doriae 群被确认为单系，后两个群更为密切相关。根据分子钟分析，狼蛛科和 Eusparassus 的分化时间分别估计为 1.86 亿年和 7000 万年。
