Salgado-Roa Fabian C, Pardo-Diaz Carolina, Lasso Eloisa, Arias Carlos F, Solferini Vera Nisaka, Salazar Camilo
Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia.
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia.
Ecol Evol. 2018 Jun 25;8(14):7131-7142. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4237. eCollection 2018 Jul.
The Andean uplift has played a major role in shaping the current Neotropical biodiversity. However, in arthropods other than butterflies, little is known about how this geographic barrier has impacted species historical diversification. Here, we examined the phylogeography of the widespread color polymorphic spider to evaluate the effect of the northern Andean uplift on its divergence and assess whether its diversification occurred in the presence of gene flow. We inferred phylogenetic relationships and divergence times in using mitochondrial and nuclear data from 105 individuals in northern South America. Genetic diversity, divergence, and population structure were quantified. We also compared multiple demographic scenarios for this species using a model-based approach (phrapl) to determine divergence with or without gene flow. At last, we evaluated the association between genetic variation and color polymorphism. Both nuclear and mitochondrial data supported two well-differentiated clades, which correspond to populations occurring on opposite sides of the Eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes. The final uplift of this cordillera was identified as the most likely force that shaped the diversification of in northern South America, resulting in a - and -Andean phylogeographic structure for the species. We also found shared genetic variation between the - and -Andean clades, which is better explained by a scenario of historical divergence in the face of gene flow. This has been likely facilitated by the presence of low-elevation passes across the Eastern Colombian cordillera. Our work constitutes the first example in which the Andean uplift coupled with gene flow influenced the evolutionary history of an arachnid lineage.
安第斯山脉的隆升在塑造当前新热带地区的生物多样性方面发挥了重要作用。然而，对于蝴蝶以外的节肢动物，人们对这个地理屏障如何影响物种的历史多样化知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了广泛分布的颜色多态性蜘蛛的系统地理学，以评估安第斯山脉北部隆升对其分化的影响，并评估其多样化是否在基因流存在的情况下发生。我们利用南美洲北部105个个体的线粒体和核数据推断了系统发育关系和分化时间。对遗传多样性、分化和种群结构进行了量化。我们还使用基于模型的方法（phrapl）比较了该物种的多种人口统计学情景，以确定有无基因流情况下的分化。最后，我们评估了遗传变异与颜色多态性之间的关联。核数据和线粒体数据均支持两个分化明显的分支，它们对应于哥伦比亚安第斯山脉东部山脉两侧的种群。该山脉的最终隆升被确定为塑造南美洲北部该物种多样化的最可能力量，导致该物种形成了一种跨安第斯山脉的系统地理结构。我们还发现跨安第斯山脉的两个分支之间存在共享的遗传变异，这可以用面对基因流时的历史分化情景更好地解释。这可能是由于哥伦比亚东部山脉存在低海拔通道而促成的。我们的工作是安第斯山脉隆升与基因流共同影响蛛形纲谱系进化历史的首个实例。
