Santos D A, Matias C N, Rocha P M, Minderico C S, Allison D B, Sardinha L B, Silva A M
Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Fac Motricidade Humana, Univ Tecn Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2014 Apr;54(2):162-73.
Body composition changes among elite athletes may influence competitive performance. This study aimed to characterize the body composition changes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole-body level of analysis in elite junior basketball players during the course of a season.
Twelve males and 11 females (16 to 17 years) were evaluated. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess bone mineral (Mo) and lean-soft tissue (LST). Total-body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were assessed using isotope dilution techniques, and extracellular (ECF) and intracellular fluids (ICF) were calculated. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed with a four-compartment model. Body cell mass was calculated (LST - (ECF + ECS)). Skeletal muscle (SM) was estimated using appendicular LST (ALST) as: (1.19 x ALST) - 1.65. At the whole-body level, weight, sum of 7 skinfolds, and muscle circumferences (Mc) were measured. The handgrip and the countermovement jump tests were used for performance assessment.
Males increased FFM (4.4±2.3%), TBW (3.5±4.6%), SM (4.5±2.3%), and arm (3.4±2.7%) and thigh (3.8±3%) Mc. Females increased SM (5.9±4.6%) and arm (3.6±3.8%) and thigh (4±5.2%) Mc and decreased ICF (-9.7±13.6%). FFM components differed from the established values based on cadaver analysis. Both genders increased their performance and associations were found between changes in molecular and whole-body components with performance.
In conclusion the season was associated with an improved body composition profile in males and few changes in females.
精英运动员的身体成分变化可能会影响比赛成绩。本研究旨在描述精英青少年篮球运动员在一个赛季过程中，在分子、细胞、组织和全身分析水平上的身体成分变化。
对12名男性和11名女性（16至17岁）进行了评估。采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）评估骨矿物质（Mo）和瘦软组织（LST）。使用同位素稀释技术评估全身水（TBW）和细胞外水（ECW），并计算细胞外液（ECF）和细胞内液（ICF）。用四室模型评估脂肪量（FM）和去脂体重（FFM）。计算身体细胞量（LST - （ECF + ECS））。使用附属LST（ALST）估算骨骼肌（SM），公式为：（1.19×ALST） - 1.65。在全身水平上，测量体重、7处皮褶厚度总和以及肌肉周长（Mc）。使用握力和反向移动跳跃测试进行性能评估。
男性的FFM增加了（4.4±2.3%），TBW增加了（3.5±4.6%），SM增加了（4.5±2.3%），手臂Mc增加了（3.4±2.7%），大腿Mc增加了（3.8±3%）。女性的SM增加了（5.9±4.6%），手臂Mc增加了（3.6±3.8%），大腿Mc增加了（4±5.2%），ICF减少了（-9.7±13.6%）。FFM成分与基于尸体分析确定的值不同。男女两性的表现均有所提高，并且在分子成分和全身成分的变化与表现之间发现了相关性。
总之，该赛季与男性身体成分状况的改善相关，而女性变化较少。
