Silva A M, Matias C N, Santos D A, Rocha P M, Minderico C S, Sardinha L B
Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Fac Motricidade Humana, Univ Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
Int J Sports Med. 2014 Dec;35(13):1101-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1371839. Epub 2014 Jul 10.
Changes in body components occur over a season, but their impact on performance is still unclear. We aimed to analyze the relationship between changes in leg strength and jump performance with body composition over a season in highly trained athletes. Measures from the beginning to the main competitive periods of a season were obtained in 40 male and 23 female basketball, handball and volleyball players (20±5 years) for fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimated by DXA. Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were assessed by deuterium and bromide dilution, respectively, and intracellular water (ICW) was calculated as TBW minus ECW. Maximal strength was determined by the leg press, while jumping height was assessed with squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps. Significant improvements in strength (12.5±20.8%) and jumping height (SJ:8.3±13.9%; CMJ:6.3±8.5%) were found. FFM, TBW and ECW significantly increased (3.0±2.7%; 1.7±5.5%; 3.0±8.6%, respectively), while %FM decreased (-4.5±9.1%) and no changes were observed in ICW (1.2±9.7%). Among body composition changes only ICW was associated with performance even adjusted for gender, age, season length and sport (strength: β=71.209, p=0.012; SJ: β=0.311, p=0.049; CMJ: β=0.366, p=0.018). Body composition, strength and jumping height improved over a season and ICW was the main predictor of performance in national level players.
身体成分在一个赛季中会发生变化，但其对运动表现的影响仍不明确。我们旨在分析在一个赛季中，高水平运动员腿部力量和跳跃表现的变化与身体成分之间的关系。对40名男性和23名女性篮球、手球和排球运动员（20±5岁）在一个赛季从开始到主要比赛阶段进行测量，通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）估算脂肪量（FM）和去脂体重（FFM）。分别通过氘稀释法和溴化物稀释法评估总体水（TBW）和细胞外液（ECW），细胞内液（ICW）通过TBW减去ECW计算得出。通过腿部推举测定最大力量，通过深蹲跳（SJ）和纵跳（CMJ）评估跳跃高度。发现力量（12.5±20.8%）和跳跃高度（SJ：8.3±13.9%；CMJ：6.3±8.5%）有显著提高。FFM、TBW和ECW显著增加（分别为3.0±2.7%；1.7±5.5%；3.0±8.6%），而%FM下降（-4.5±9.1%），ICW未观察到变化（1.2±9.7%）。在身体成分变化中，即使对性别、年龄、赛季长度和运动项目进行调整后，只有ICW与运动表现相关（力量：β=71.209，p=0.012；SJ：β=0.311，p=0.049；CMJ：β=0.366，p=0.018）。在一个赛季中，身体成分、力量和跳跃高度均有所改善，ICW是国家级运动员运动表现的主要预测指标。
