Rush Jonathan, Hofer Scott M
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria.
Psychol Assess. 2014 Jun;26(2):462-73. doi: 10.1037/a0035666. Epub 2014 Feb 10.
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a widely used measure of emotional experience. The factor structure of the PANAS has been examined predominantly with cross-sectional designs, which fails to disaggregate within-person variation from between-person differences. There is still uncertainty as to the factor structure of positive and negative affect and whether they constitute 2 distinct independent factors. The present study examined the within-person and between-person factor structure of the PANAS in 2 independent samples that reported daily affect over 7 and 14 occasions, respectively. Results from multilevel confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a 2-factor structure at both the within-person and between-person levels, with correlated specific factors for overlapping items, provided good model fit. The best-fitting solution was one where within-person factors of positive and negative affect were inversely correlated, but between-person factors were independent. The structure was further validated through multilevel structural equation modeling examining the effects of cognitive interference, daily stress, physical symptoms, and physical activity on positive and negative affect factors.
积极和消极情绪量表（PANAS）是一种广泛使用的情绪体验测量工具。PANAS的因子结构主要通过横断面设计进行检验，这种设计无法区分个体内部变异和个体间差异。关于积极和消极情绪的因子结构以及它们是否构成两个不同的独立因子，仍然存在不确定性。本研究在两个独立样本中检验了PANAS的个体内部和个体间因子结构，这两个样本分别在7次和14次场合报告了每日情绪。多层次验证性因子分析结果显示，在个体内部和个体间水平上均为双因子结构，重叠项目具有相关的特定因子，模型拟合良好。最佳拟合解是积极和消极情绪的个体内部因子呈负相关，但个体间因子是独立的。通过多层次结构方程模型进一步验证了该结构，该模型检验了认知干扰、日常压力、身体症状和身体活动对积极和消极情绪因子影响。
