[Apropos of the new mental health law in Italy].

In this article psychiatric assistance in Italy is examined 8 years after the Law 180 that enacted the closing down of psychiatric hospitals has come into force. Starting with an outline of the political and social history of the country, the authors considered the characteristics of the law, the difficulties and results of its application, and the criticisms that have been expressed, basing themselves on the available statistical and epidemiological data. Even if a conclusive evaluation of the validity of this reform seems to be premature, these two elements were estimated as definite: 1. Discussion and debate remain necessary. 2. Thanks to Basaglia, psychiatry in Italy is gradually making up its historical delay.