Santos Xavier, Mateos Eduardo, Bros Vicenç, Brotons Lluís, De Mas Eva, Herraiz Joan A, Herrando Sergi, Miño Àngel, Olmo-Vidal Josep M, Quesada Javier, Ribes Jordi, Sabaté Santiago, Sauras-Yera Teresa, Serra Antoni, Vallejo V Ramón, Viñolas Amador
CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 7;9(2):e88224. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088224. eCollection 2014.
Fire is a major agent involved in landscape transformation and an indirect cause of changes in species composition. Responses to fire may vary greatly depending on life histories and functional traits of species. We have examined the taxonomic and functional responses to fire of eight taxonomic animal groups displaying a gradient of dietary and mobility patterns: Gastropoda, Heteroptera, Formicidae, Coleoptera, Araneae, Orthoptera, Reptilia and Aves. The fieldwork was conducted in a Mediterranean protected area on 3 sites (one unburnt and two burnt with different postfire management practices) with five replicates per site. We collected information from 4606 specimens from 274 animal species. Similarity in species composition and abundance between areas was measured by the Bray-Curtis index and ANOSIM, and comparisons between animal and plant responses by Mantel tests. We analyze whether groups with the highest percentage of omnivorous species, these species being more generalist in their dietary habits, show weak responses to fire (i.e. more similarity between burnt and unburnt areas), and independent responses to changes in vegetation. We also explore how mobility, i.e. dispersal ability, influences responses to fire. Our results demonstrate that differences in species composition and abundance between burnt and unburnt areas differed among groups. We found a tendency towards presenting lower differences between areas for groups with higher percentages of omnivorous species. Moreover, taxa with a higher percentage of omnivorous species had significantly more independent responses of changes in vegetation. High- (e.g. Aves) and low-mobility (e.g. Gastropoda) groups had the strongest responses to fire (higher R scores of the ANOSIM); however, we failed to find a significant general pattern with all the groups according to their mobility. Our results partially support the idea that functional traits underlie the response of organisms to environmental changes caused by fire.
火灾是参与景观转变的主要因素，也是物种组成变化的间接原因。物种对火灾的反应可能因物种的生活史和功能特征而有很大差异。我们研究了八个分类动物类群对火灾的分类学和功能反应，这些类群呈现出饮食和移动模式的梯度：腹足纲、异翅亚目、蚁科、鞘翅目、蜘蛛纲、直翅目、爬行纲和鸟纲。实地调查在一个地中海保护区的3个地点进行（一个未燃烧，两个燃烧且采用不同的火灾后管理措施），每个地点有5个重复样本。我们从274种动物的4606个标本中收集了信息。通过Bray-Curtis指数和ANOSIM测量区域间物种组成和丰度的相似性，并通过Mantel检验比较动物和植物的反应。我们分析了杂食性物种比例最高的类群，这些物种在饮食习惯上更具通用性，是否对火灾反应较弱（即燃烧区和未燃烧区之间更相似），以及对植被变化的独立反应。我们还探讨了移动性，即扩散能力，如何影响对火灾的反应。我们的结果表明，燃烧区和未燃烧区之间的物种组成和丰度差异在不同类群中有所不同。我们发现，杂食性物种比例较高的类群在区域间的差异有减小的趋势。此外，杂食性物种比例较高 的分类单元对植被变化有明显更多的独立反应。高移动性（如鸟类）和低移动性（如腹足纲）类群对火灾的反应最强（ANOSIM的R得分更高）；然而，我们未能根据所有类群的移动性找到显著的一般模式。我们的结果部分支持了这样一种观点，即功能特征是生物体对火灾引起的环境变化反应的基础。
